FEASIBILITY OF ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY BY BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN A BRAZILIAN STATE

Objective: This study aims to analyze the potential of using industrial black liquor or black lye residue from the eucalyptus pulp and paper production process as an alternative source of energy, in order to alleviate the current energy crisis. Theoretical framework: The study is based on literature regarding energy generation from biomass, focusing on the utilization of black liquor residue in thermoelectric power generation. Therefore, the thermoelectric generation from black liquor or black lye, cellulose biomass residue as an alternative source in energy generation, characterizes an important electrical feedback path in pulp production processes, also generating surplus energy for the supply network, relief of demand in the face of the current energy crisis. Method: The methodology employed in this study entails applied research, that investigates energy generation from black liquor in integrated plants of eucalyptus forest biomass, in reforestation areas for pulp production. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that energy generation from black liquor is a viable alternative to mitigate the current energy crisis, contributing to regional sustainable development. Projections suggest that by 2024, 85% of bioenergy can will be generated from this source in in the micro-region of Brazil. Therefore, adequate planning brings great expectations for regional sustainable development. Implications of the research: The research contributes to advancing scientific knowledge in the field of energy generation from biomass, demonstrating the potential of black liquor residue as an alternative energy source. Originality/value: The research contributes to advancing scientific knowledge in the field of energy generation from biomass, demonstrating the potential of black liquor residue as an alternative energy source.


INTRODUCTION
The world energy system is going through immense upheaval and uncertainty.The lack of energy demand is having a considerable economic impact on production systems, leading to price increases and a slowdown in economic recovery, an escalating rise in inflation rates, and multiplying social and economic disruption.In response to the crisis caused by the Russian invasion, General Secretary Guterres (2022) stated that strategic reserves and additional reserves could help alleviate the energy crisis in the short term.The only solution for the medium and long term is to hasten the adoption of renewable energies, avoiding market fluctuations.This will enable the phasing out of coal and all other fossil fuels.Fortunately, in recent decades, we have also seen the start of biotechnological development of thermoelectric plants generated from biomass, a source of sustainable and renewable energy from agri-industry residues, emphasizing the significance of this increase for the current scenario of the present energy crisis.Moreover, during this period, the MS-Brazil state utilized the eucalyptus plantation.
According to Rodrigues (1991), an effective reforestation program began around the middle of the 20th century in the state of São Paulo-Brazil, focusing on restoring a secure source of raw material for the planned expansions of the cellulose industry.In 1966, Law 5106/66 (BRASIL, 1966) was enacted to offer incentives for reforestation in Brazil.This law promoted afforestation and reforestation in specific and priority areas or forest districts.
The law economically stimulated producers to start planting eucalyptus in the state, concomitantly with the local installation of cellulose-paper complexes, through the Fibria agrindustries -currently, Suzano and Eldorado Cellulose, which even intensified the increase in land prices in the region. of the industrial environment due to the demand for leasing large areas to produce eucalyptus, which encouraged large landowners and medium-sized farmers to plant or lease their lands for forestry, promoting the expansion of eucalyptus in areas previously destined for grain and livestock production.The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of using industrial black liquor or black lye residue from the eucalyptus pulp production process as an alternative source of energy.It is possible to observe the importance of implementing technology in energy generation from black liquor or black lye, a process fluid produced at the exit of the digester, and residue from wood cooking to remove undesirable components from the pulp production process, such as lignin, extractives, and ash.Therefore, this industrial residue from the eucalyptus pulp and paper production process is seen as a viable and sustainable alternative source to alleviate the energy crisis, currently a global concern.

Energy and Sustainable Development
Since the study of the environment as science began, it has been entwined with economic aspects.However, in those early stages, the problem of waste removal and/or the effects of pollutants was unknown.People need energy for services such as transportation, heating, and cooling, all of which are provided with energy resources with either great or limited efficiency (Goldemberg, 2010).These energy demands directly link to the rate of civilization's development.
Energy development, proposed with a sustainable, social view, requires people to access basic energy services at affordable prices.Access to energy is also used as a population poverty indicator because human activity is related to its energy consumption (Kemmler and Spreng, 2007).High margins of economic growth mean higher energy consumption.
Natural resources generate energy, which drives the economy and all human activities.When searching for energy availability in a country or region, it is important to consider balance, including restrictions in the following areas: environmental, economic, and social.Sustainable environmental quality is challenging for emerging countries and developing countries seeking economic growth without considering local development.
Therefore, Figure 1 proposed by Rossato (2016), shows the relationship between socioeconomic development and energy consumption and the resulting environmental impacts.The challenge of achieving economic progress is evident, changing market actions and activities, aiming at the preservation of natural resources and the environment.According to the author Rossato (2018), sustainable energy development can be analyzed in three ways.First, from a social point of view, where people can access basic energy services at acceptable prices.Second, economically, the greater the development and economic growth, the greater the use of energy, since energy is the input of productivity used by all economic segments.Finally, from an environmental standpoint, where the exhaustion of natural resources through the production and distribution of energy generates impacts that create pressure on the environment.Nogueira et al. (2000) states that setting limits on environmental impacts preserves the environment and quality of life, which may interfere with the production of forests planted, leading to the decrease of biodiversity, like agriculture, farming, natural forests, and other native vegetation.Nevertheless, economic constraints are analyzed at separate levels: first, to know if the biomass exploited has no more economic use (industry of food), and secondly, if all the costs of the biomass exploited are compatible with the energy benefits and comparable with other fuels.
As economies industrialize, grow, and depend on more sophisticated infrastructures and technological systems, energy becomes increasingly important to individuals, businesses, and nations.However, the world faces several energy-related problems and constraints that threaten continued industrialization and economic growth; such as war conflicts globally have the ground on energy resource allocation (Billon, 2017;Jewitt, 2008;Wegenast & Basedau, 2014); the current war Russia-Ukraine war with all the human security implications this may entail; the COVID-19 pandemic; an energy crisis; shipping constraints; and recent climate-induced extreme events (Behnassi & El Haiba, 2022).This will surely compromise the achievements made around energy security, including through the Sustainable Development Goals.Tolmasquim (2011) emphasizes that the ability of a country to provide infrastructure and energy for the development of industrial production and capacity utilization safely and in competitive and environmentally sustainable conditions is one of the foundations of its economic sustainability.However, Goldemberg (1998) points out that the economic barrier is the most significant challenge, as investments in technology and innovation are considered highly costly.Therefore, those companies are mainly responsible for the exhaustion, degradation, and scarcity of natural resources, extracting the raw materials for the production process from the natural environment.In this sense, environmental issues are mainly attributed to developed nations and the irregular practices of developing and emerging nations (Dias, 2011).Trevisan et al. (2022) highlighted that Transformative Learning Theory (AT) provides an effective approach to achieve sustainable balance.To reach the goals of sustainable development, a commitment from various stakeholders is necessary, ranging from local institutions to international governments, development banks, agencies, international and regional organizations, research institutes, universities, NGOs, civil society, and the private sector (FAO, 2014).Transformative Learning Theory (AT) can therefore be an important means to develop innovative solutions to ensure that all stakeholders are committed to sustainability.

From the Forests to the Pulp Industry
Forests play a central role in maintaining the biological and climatic equilibrium of the planet, but they also generate wealth for those who use their resources.Aligning these wealthgeneration expectations requires a review of the development models of all nations and the search for alternatives that are in line with the concept of sustainable development (CNI, 2010).In this sense, the bioelectricity produced from biomass and black liquor in the pulp industry is directly related to the forest industry.However, the relationships and impacts of the pulp industries, wood product industries, and the energy potential generated still present challenges that require further study.
In their article, "Economic feasibility of managing loblolly pine forests for water production under climate change in the Southeastern United States Forests," Susaeta et al. (2017) point out that the impact of climate change, forest management, and different forest productivity impacts on water yield and pine yields can be enhanced by land-use changes and reducing forest disturbances that inhibit further growth of forest areas.However, Susaeta et al. (2009) previously found that the potential impact of energy markets on pine tree planting in non-industrial private forests in the southeastern United States can be increased by incorporating new, environmentally friendly technologies that increase the value of the land and create positive externalities, as well as reducing the dependency on external markets for oil and concerns about greenhouse emissions.
In Brazil, the two main wood sources used for producing pulp are pine and eucalyptusplanted forests, which account for over 98% of the volume produced.Eucalyptus species are the sources of short-fiber pulp, and pine species produce long-fiber pulp (hardwoods and conifers).The lengths and widths of the cellulose fibers vary according to the species (Foelkel, 2007).
The share of long-fiber pulp in the international market was higher than that of shortfiber pulp until 2003, when that trend reversed towards short-fiber pulp (Biazus, A. et al., 2010).Fagundes and Schmidt (2011) emphasize that planted pine forests are being replaced by those of the eucalyptus, mainly due to their higher productivity and competitiveness.
Brazil ranks third in the world in pulp production compared to countries producing all kinds of pulp and is first in the export of eucalyptus pulp.The country remained the secondlargest producer in the world, producing 21.0 million tons, behind only the United States (IBÁ, 2021; FAO 2021).The production of pulp over the last decade was driven by high investments from the pulp industry and forestry sector, mainly in the energy sector.Lima (1993) showed that Brazil has a considerable advantage in rotation time for eucalyptus and pine species compared to different regions of the world.Data collected from IPEF (Institute for Research and Forest Studies) and ABRAF (Brazilian Association of Planted Forest Producers) showed that, with additional irrigation, the current productivity can reach 50 m3/ha/year (1,765.73ft3/sqft/year) and, with irrigation and fertilization, can reach 52 m3/ha/year (1,836.36ft3/sqft/year).
Dos Santos et al. (2013) suggest that due to its soil and climatic conditions (Dos Santos et al., 2013;Assis, T.F., 2006aAssis, T.F., , 2015b;;Fonseca, 2010), Brazil is well-placed to produce forests with significant economic and strategic value.Furthermore, eucalyptus is one of the few trees that, due to its fast growth rate, can help meet wood production demands in a short amount of time (Chandra and Yadava, 1986).Marcovitch (2012) argues that "for the analysis of sustainability issues, there needs to be a search for a restructuring in the global financial architecture to offer solid foundations to a new cycle of development services in clean technologies, renewable energy, and sustainable use of natural resources.In agreement with several authors (Bajay and Santana, 2010; Assis et al. 2016c;Rossato et al. 2016), the forest products industry plays an important role in global sustainable development (maintaining biodiversity, combating forest degradation related to changes in global climate) due to its unique raw material base." No adoption of new management models is required by several internal and external factors.Among the internal factors, the highlights include cost reduction, product quality improvement, company image, search for innovation, social responsibility, and awareness of internal customers.External factors include market demand, competition, public power and environmental legislation, sociocultural environment, environmental certifications, and suppliers (Dias, 2011).As a result, the forestry sector has compliance and liability requirements guided by land use regulations.To lessen the impact of industry on the environment, there are new legislation and concepts of corporate responsibility that aim to promote economic growth while complying with environmental requirements (Leite, 2009).
A recent benefit in green development, forest certification, has been created to take a serious approach to making the business environment sustainable.Among the voluntary certifications with greater acceptance in the international market are the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®); Programmer for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (PEFC); International Organization for Standardization (ISO); Brazilian Forest Certification Program (CERFLOR); and the ISO 14000 certification focuses on environmental management and provides an organized structure so that companies can provide internal actions to obtain the certification.These criteria are enumerated in the National Standardization Forum and integrated into the Brazilian Conformity Assessment System (INMETRO, 2012).
Certification is required for all planted forests used for pulp industries.Although certifications are one of the measures for survival and organizational competitiveness, other measures should also be adopted to reduce the negative impacts that organizations and people have on the natural environment.Evidence of the effectiveness of these certifications is the progress being made in their adoption as a strategy for survival and organizational competitiveness.However, other measures are also being sought to reduce the impact organizations and populations have on the natural environment.These measures include the conscious use of natural resources, the identification of industrial waste, the correct disposal of obsolete products, and the creation of renewable energy sources.
Due to their productive activities, tree plantations play an important role in providing socio-environmental services.This means conserving biodiversity, maximizing the energy efficiency of its production processes, pursuing an increasingly clean production cycle, and diversifying the use of economic growth of planted trees to increase the social benefits generated, either from creating employment and income opportunities or from the involvement of small producers through forest promotion programs (IBA, 2017).

Integrated forest biorefinery and pulp industry
The large pulp industries are currently operating globally and building global production chains to take advantage of regional comparative advantages with better use of production factors (Harlaftis, Tenold, & Valdaliso, 2012).For Ojala et al. (2013), the availability of raw materials is probably the most important determinant for industry dominance, in the sense that the geographic location of forests is one of the main factors for pulp and paper industry dominance.
Pulp production in Brazil showed growth in 2020 of 6.6% compared to 2019, configuring the sector as one that quickly organized itself to meet the demands of the new consumption format of the various economic sectors, including families (EPE, 2022).As technology advances, integrated biorefineries, also known as biorefineries, have been defined by the International Energy Agency (Biorefinery, task 42) as the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy (IEA, 2007).
According to Christine Chirat et al. (2010), this concept has been used for a long time, as Kraft paper and sulfite factories have always worked as biorefineries, producing material (fibers), chemicals (e.g.linden oil, and turpentine), and the energy needed for the process.Lignocellulosic crops or residues of the forestry sector are attractive feedstocks for biorefineries, especially when integrated into a pulp and paper mill, because they do not compete with crops for fertile land and rely on larger biomass yields (Cherubini, 2010).
The biorefinery has received much attention from the pulp sector in industrial countries, primarily in South America, as a potential way to diversify its product mix and generate new revenues.The Kraft process has been summarized based on the literature (Del Grande, 2004;Amado, 2007;Mieli, 2007;Gomes, 2009;Bajay and Santana, 2010;Fortunatto, 2014;Mejia, 2015) in the description of the processes made by PÖYRY (2011), MIRANDA (2012), and as monitored by Rossato (2019) during a technical visit to the industrial plant located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, MS.
According to Miranda (2012), the industrial process for manufacturing cellulose is a complex that includes several interconnected plants.Miranda simplified the example according to professional experience in the area and divided it into three major systems: (1) Production of cellulose (wood patio, cooking, washing, bleaching, extractor, chemical plants); (2) Chemical recovery (chemical recovery boiler, evaporation, causticizing, and lime kiln); and (3) Utilities (compressed air, cooling tower, water treatment plant, treatment plant of effluents, water treatment plant for boilers, turbo generators, electrical systems, in addition to controlling and automation systems).
The Recovery Unit is one of the most important recovery stages.In these stages of the pulping process, the most important wood residues, non-accepted chips, and black liquor generated from the cooking process are burned.
The evaporators are intended to concentrate the amount of black liquor (14.9% to 80%) and send it to a solid's recovery chair, which enables the recovery of chemical reagents during cooking and the use of thermal energy to generate steam, which is used in several stages of the production process, even in turbo generators, to produce bioelectricity.
The recovery boiler aims to recover the chemicals used in cooking, reduce the chemicals (sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide) and generate steam through the use of energy resulting from the burning of organic matter extracted from the wood.Thus, the organic products are completely oxidized to provide heat for the generation of high-pressure (HP) steam, which is used in a back-pressure steam turbine to generate bioelectricity.
The biomass boiler complements the amount of steam generated in the recovery boiler to meet the needs of the plant, for energy generation, and the process.The tailings from the wood yard will be mixed and sent to the silos for burning in the boiler.Fuel oil will be used as auxiliary fuel and during start and stop.The steam produced by the power boiler will be sent to the turbo generator and mixed with steam from the recovery boiler.
The high-pressure vapors from the recovery and biomass boilers, which will preferably use black bleach (liquid biomass) and biomass, respectively, will be sent to the turbogenerators, and medium and low-pressure vapors will be used in the process.A part of the surplus steam not used in the process will be extracted in a vacuum and condensed in the turbine condenser.Figure 2 represents the bioelectricity production process.Bioelectricity is the process of transforming thermal energy from high-pressure steam into mechanical energy used to drive electric power generators, where cogeneration is carried out in some industries in Brazil.The theoretical potential for generating bioelectricity is that all tailings and black liquor are reused within the industrial unit.Wood waste and by-products are also reused.This process, in addition to contributing to sustainable development, adds value to the pulp segment.In this way, dependence on fossil fuels for the industrial processes of cellulose production is reduced, and each tree harvested generates additional value in the generation of bioelectricity (Rossato, 2018).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is applied research to deepen the knowledge of bioelectricity generation by black bleach.It began with exploratory research by thermoelectric segment using black liquor or black lye, biomass residue from the pulp industries in Mato Grosso do Sul.Thus, companies were selected in two cities of the state, using a stratification constraint that selected only bioelectricity producing companies.Data collection was done through public and documental consultation on the ANEEL platforms (Auto production of Energy APE9 and Independent Energy Producer PIE10), as well as sustainability reports and a forest management plan.The researcher studied the phenomena for documentary purposes, but did not manipulate them.The methodology approach used statistical resources, such as bibliographic and documentary studies and analyses of statistical data, regulations and forest management projects (Environmental Impact Study -EIA and Environmental Impact Assessment Report -RIMA) and SIDRA -IBGE Automatic Recovery System / Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).These resources were available on the companies' websites and government's websites (i.e., secondary and documentary data, in which a survey was conducted on internal and external documents of the organizations).

Changes and Impacts of Energy-Producing Pulp Industry Mato Grosso Do Sul-Brazil
Paper and pulp represent 36.8% of the forest industry in the country.Production of eucalyptus takes up 7.47 million hectares (1.85 billion acres), which represents 78.2% of total  land.Most of it is in the states of Minas Gerais (27.6%),São Paulo (18.1%) and Mato Grosso do Sul (15.1%).Production of pine covers 1.7 million hectares and is focused on Paraná (43%) and Santa Catarina (24%), (IBA, 2022).The data in Figure 3 show the growth in pulp and paper production in the 2000s and the transformation of black bleaching in Brazil.Availability of land for the growth of forests for pulpwood and the different uses of wood create several issues and challenges, such as the rivalry for land use between pulpwood plantations and food production lands, the promotion of eucalyptus monoculture, and the interference with the local fauna.Due to planted forest expansion in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, livestock production has been pushed away towards the north of the country.Figure 4 shows the reduction of cattle ranching in the Mato Grosso do Sul state, from 22.2 million cattle in 2000 to 19 million in 2020.This can be attributed to the expansion of eucalyptus areas in the city of Três Lagoas, which has resulted in the replacement of many pasture areas from cattle breeding in large areas to monoculture eucalyptus trees.Additionally, commercial forests planted for the recovery of degraded pastures can significantly contribute to the conservation of soils, water resources, and biodiversity, including the retention of nutrients, promoting the recovery of total organic carbon stocks, improving the quality of water, and allowing the natural regeneration and growth of native forest species forming an understory, thereby enabling various environmental services, such as conservation and restoration of biological diversity and GHG capture (Oliveira;Oliveira, 2017).The forests were planted in this region with the sole purpose of producing pulp for exportation; thus, creating more sustainable environmental expectations than other types of operations.This production chain system considers the use of industrial waste and creates job opportunities, promoting social and economic development in the region.According to the information and data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -IBGE (2022), in Mato Grosso do Sul, Figure 5 shows that planted forests, pulp industries, and the energy provided from renewable sources contribute to social and economic opportunities for the local region and its population.The state of Mato Grosso do Sul has the third-largest area of land planted with eucalyptus in Brazil.Data from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) confirm the micro-region of Três Lagoas as the capital of the pulp industry and Mato Grosso do Sul as the second-largest area planted with eucalyptus in 2017.The numbers are available from PEVS (Production of Vegetal Extraction and Forestry), which may explain the surge of pulp and paper industries in the state.Due to its location, soil and climate conditions, infrastructure, and logistics, the micro-region of Três Lagoas has benefited from the forestry sector and favorable tax incentives to the pulp and paper industries since 2009.These industries have also benefited from advantages such as a strategic position, the abundance of water from the Paraná River, and means of circulation using multimodal transport (BRACELPA, 2014a;2014b).It is evident that even the smallest forests producing biomass energy and black bleach are expanding their production capacity, especially in developing countries where production and labor costs are lower than in China.According to the Brazilian Ten-Year Plan for Energy Expansion until 2023, the projected expansion in biomass energy production is between 8% and 9.9% (EPE, 2014), now reaching 8.8% and is expected to continue (EPE, 2022).Therefore, the major pulp mills in Brazil are now operating on a global scale and building global production chains to take advantage of these regional comparative advantages in the better use of the factors of production (Harlaftis et al., 2012).Internationally, the relationships between technology transfer and leadership, and dependence on raw materials and products, vary globally.The question Ojala and Lamberg (2013) pose is whether international dominance in the pulp and paper industry is a function of technological leadership or whether technological leadership is a co-product of rapid market growth.As shown in Figure 6, energy use in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul has grown in the last ten years, as has the production of bioenergy produced through black liquor by pulp mills in the Três Lagoas micro-region, which now consists of two industrial plants.In the micro-region of Três Lagoas, the third industrial plant is currently under construction there, which will be inaugurated in 2024.Starting this year, there will be a significant increase in energy generation in the state, thus going from 2012 from 20.4% to 85% of the possibility of self-sufficiency shown in Figure 7.A state with an area of approximately 357km² and a population of 2.9 million people will soon be able to meet its own energy needs by planting forests and producing paper and pulp, and by generating energy from the biomass created in the industrial production of cellulose.This paper provides empirical evidence on the electricity efficiency improvement potential in the Brazilian pulp and paper industry.An important finding is that the estimated efficiency gap has been a reflection of the fact that in the pulp and paper industry, electricity efficiency improvements are typically embodied in the diffusion of new capital equipment.
The results of Grejo & Lunkes' (2022) study suggest that companies achieving a higher level of sustainability prioritize the SDGs related to energy and water, which contributes to reliable and sustainable access to these resources, generating greater eco-efficiency.This statement is in line with findings in the paper and pulp industry in Brazil, which has the potential to transform into more diverse and profitable businesses.Developing a single roadmap for the whole industry is not desirable, as there are various possible products with different demand and market value.The success of bioelectricity in the pulp industry will require the implementation of new businesses to give companies the opportunity to master new technologies, minimize risks, and increase profitability.

CONCLUSIONS
The development of the forestry sector and the pulp and paper industries have helped to support the economic growth of Mato Grosso do Sul.The data presented shows that biomass has generated a surplus.With the production of bioelectricity from biomass and black liquor, the prospects of sustainable development compared to other energy sources show that it is a profitable way to develop the region.Back in 2012, it generated 20.4% of power, and the perspective for 2024 is 85%.As we can see, with the implementation of the new industrial plant of cellulose in the micro-region of Três Lagoas, the expansion of auto sufficiency in the Mato Grosso do Sul state is coming from the biomass produced in these industries.
As the production chain considers the reuse of industrial waste, jobs can be created and social development can be promoted.The use of forest residues and black liquor in the pulp industry contributes positively, especially if those companies only use planted forests, which ties in with carbon fixation.In this sense, energy must be sustainable, providing adequate power to meet basic human needs and improve social well-being, thereby achieving economic development around the world (Geller et al., 2003).
The use and production of renewable energy, such as biomass, have entered a new trading area with significant advantages for this industry and its partners.From the pulp industry's point of view, it has become an important link in a sustainable chain, minimizing environmental impacts.Therefore, the use of biomass renewable energy in the Três Lagoas region can improve the economy and provide increased tax revenues that benefit the government, known as ICMS (Tax on the circulation of goods and transportation and communication services), as well as a state sales tax, with different rates in each state in Brazil.
Modern society in this industrial age is entering a time of great transformation, and with it come uncertainties about the impact of these industries (Castellani and Sala, 2013).To help governments and public institutions manage resources at the local level, and mitigate potential environmental, social, and economic effects, the use of strategic environmental assessment and sustainability indicators could prove beneficial (dos Santos et al., 2013).As public interest and global awareness of environmental and social issues have been increasing, governments have been intensifying the pressure on forestry companies to effectively balance the potentially conflicting demands of stakeholders (Li and Toppinen, 2011).
As an industrialized economy grows and becomes dependent on more sophisticated infrastructures and technological systems, energy becomes increasingly important for individuals, companies, and nations.Therefore, public policies are necessary for a plan that presents economic, social, environmental, and energy development.In this sense, development requires the commitment of the public sector and private initiative, thus demanding adequate planning to guarantee the sustainable development of the regions.
In conclusion, the development of the forestry sector and the pulp and paper industries in Mato Grosso do Sul, with the implementation of new industrial plants and the use of biomass renewable energy, can help to improve the economy while providing increased tax revenues and creating jobs.However, it is essential to consider the environmental, social, and economic effects of such activities.Therefore, further research should be conducted into the most effective public policies and private initiatives for promoting sustainable development.Additionally, the impacts of energy production and consumption on the environment should be studied in order to better understand the long-term impacts of energy use.Future works could explore the potential of applying thermoelectric generation from black liquor or black lye, 13 cellulose biomass residue as an alternative source of energy.Finally, strategies to improve energy efficiency and resource conservation should be pursued in order to reduce environmental damage and improve the sustainability of energy production.

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: Simplified schematic of the Kraft process and Bioelectricity.Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on Kraft process and Bioelectricity.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Energy supply and demand of black bleach in Brazil in the 2000s.Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on National Energy Balance.

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Production of Caddle in Mato Grosso do Sul state and Três Lagoas Microegion in the 2000s.Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -IBGE.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Production of Forestry in Mato Grosso do Sul state and Três Lagoas Microregion in the 2000s.Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -IBGE.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Energy Generation and Power Waste from 2012 to 2021.Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on to the Brazilian Ten-Year Plan for Energy Expansion.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Projection for 2024 Source: prepared by the authors (2022), based on to the Brazilian Ten-Year Plan for Energy Expansion.