COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST AREAS (CASE STUDY IN THE TOURIST AREA OF BONGO, GORONTALO DISTRICT)

Purpose: This study was carried out in Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo District, from January 2019 to March 2018. Method: The data collection approach is a qualitative method with a descriptive design, which means that the research provides an accurate description of a specific individual or group's circumstances and symptoms. The number of samples was 88 respondents. Analysis of data using Miles and Huberman by decreasing qualitative data. Results and conclusion: Participation of the community in the development of Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village, Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency communicates with the government in the development of Dulanga beach tourist. Community participation in the development of Dulanga beach tourism in Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency has been excellent, through individual initiative, organizations, and those coordinated by the government/NGOs. engagement in the exploitation of development results in Bongo village is extremely good, and everyone supports each other for the development of Dulanga beach tourism. Research implications: Participation in monitoring and assessment of development through restoration or reforestation in the preservation of Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village, participation in monitoring the community that destroys Dulanga beach tourist, Bongo Village. However, there is still a lack of monitoring by the village government, sub-district tourism offices, and related authorities. Originality/value: In order to preserve Dulanga Beach Tourism, a mature implementation is required, and the community as an implementer plays a role in supplying energy and implementation time in creating Dulanga Beach Tourism, Bongo Village, the community participates in it as the executor of the activities carried out.


INTRODUCTION
The beach is a dynamic component of the coastal area, which means that the coastal space (shape and location) changes rapidly as a result of natural processes and human activity. Changes in the shape of the beach caused by natural and human factors cannot be separated from the usage of the coastal area, one of which is the beach tourist object. Nugraha, 2008.Beach tourism objects are activities that highlight coastal resources and coastal communities' culture, such as recreation, sports, and enjoyment of the scenery and climate. The community mostly uses beach tourism in coastal locations such as the Gorontalo area, namely Dulanga beach tourist item with an area of 0.75 km. Dulanga Beach lies in the West hamlet of Bongo Village in the Batudaa Pantai District. This beach is 14.4 kilometers from Gorontalo's city center. This is a rough sand beach with facilities, food kiosks, parking lots, public restrooms, and seats. (Desa Bongo, RPJM, 2017) Dulanga Beach is located in the coastal area of Batudaa Pantai District, which is close to tourism in the village nicknamed the Religious Tourism Village, the area around the south coast has tourism potential in terms of nature, and the Bongo village community needs to participate in the development of Dulanga beach tourism. Good collaboration is set to become 3 a new trend for Bongo Village, which was opened by the regent of Gorontalo district.Tourism development necessitates the formulation of policies that can serve as guidance for future strategic actions, both in the tourism sector and in other sectors. Village Territory Bongo is a key place for tourism development in Gorontalo Regency. This religious tourist region features various noteworthy tourism potentials, including Biluhu's white sandy beach, stunning scenery, and the famed Gorontalo traditional ceremony, as well as a unique natural reserve. If this potential is fully realized, it can undoubtedly be relied on as a source of employment and commercial prospects for local communities (Barbosa,2022). Another issue that becomes an impediment in the context of developing tourism potential in Gorontalo Regency is a lack of supporting infrastructure at tourist sites, access to tourist sites that are not given attention, resulting in a decrease in tourist visits, both local and foreign (foreign) tourists. Dulanga beach tourism object is one of the tourism objects in Gorontalo Regency. Dulanga Beach is one of the beach tourism destinations in Gorontalo.Further research into existing challenges is required for the benefit of coastal region management in favor of the coastal population. As a result, the authors wish to conduct scientific research on Community Participation in the Development of Dulanga Beach Tourism, Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency.Province of Gorontalo. Based on the identification of the aforementioned challenges, the formulation of this problem is how does the community participate in the development of Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency, and Gorontalo Province? Participation in the Indonesian Dictionary constitutes an activity. According to Yulianto (2010), society is a living, dynamic, and ever-changing life. According to Mubyarto's (1992) opinion in Amransyah, (2012), participation is defined as a willingness to aid the success of each program based on everyone's talents without sacrificing one's own interests. According to Canter (1987) in Amransyah (2012), participation is defined as feed-forward and feedback information. Community participation consists, according to this definition, in the process of identifying community problems and potentials, choosing decisions on alternative solutions to address problems and decision-making, implementing efforts to overcome problems and involving the community in the process of evaluating the changes that occur. (Maharani, 2016). Community participation in implementation can be measured in actual terms through real activities, which are the tangible manifestations of programs that have been outlined. As a result, the metric is how the community contributes to activities. These contributions can take the form of money, materials (goods), or labor. And it is possible that all three will make the donation (Arifah, 2011).

METHODS
This study's data collection approach is a qualitative method with a descriptive design, which is a study that provides an accurate description of a certain individual or group's circumstances and symptoms that occur. Setiadi (2017) sampled using the Slovin formula (1960) with a sample size of 202 households and a total of 740 residents.

= 1 + ( 2 )
Information: N = population size n = Sample size d = The rate of deviation from the desired population: 10% (0.10) (Setiadi, 2017). This study's sample size was 88 people, and the data sources were both primary and secondary. Primary data is gathered through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation, whereas secondary data is gathered through literature searches or conversations with agencies. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants such as the Bongo Village Head, Bongo Village Secretary, Bongo Village Government Affairs Head, Bongo Village West Hamlet Head and Bongo Village East Hamlet Head, Bongo Village community leaders, and Bongo Village residents who used it or did not use it. Profit from Dulanga beach tourist.

Data Collection Method
The Bongo Village community's participation in gathering the data required for this study includes: community participation in decision making, community participation in security, community participation in maintaining environmental sustainability, and community participation in tourism development. The data collection technique consists of the following steps: Observation This study's observations are systematic observations, particularly observations obtained by limiting at Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency. The rationale for this is to facilitate observation activities so that they are more concentrated and do not deviate from the problem and research objectives. The purpose of this observation is to uncover and understand the prerequisites for direct community participation in the development of Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency.
An interview is a structured dialogue with a specific objective. The interview was conducted in two parts: the interviewer posed the question and answered the interviewee. The dialogue method is a technique for collecting data and information. The use of this method is based on two reasons. First, when interviewed, the researcher may torment not only what the subject studying knows and experiences, but also what is hidden in the background of the research subject. Secondly, what is asked of informants can introduce things that have to do with the past, present and future. (Patilima, 2011).
The researchers conducted direct interviews with those who wanted to learn as much as possible about community involvement in tourism development on Dulanga Beach. The interviews with the neighborhood community were conducted in a response format and questions about the participation of the community in the development of tourism in the beach of Dulanga. Interviews will be conducted according to the rules of dialogue. So that researchers can obtain as much data as possible (Sugiyono, 2012). 5 Documentation The documentation approach involves searching for items or variables in the form of transcribed notes, books, newspapers, meeting minutes, and so on. The documentation approach refers to how to locate and collect data about potential problems through written information. Documents are utilized as a source of data in research to evaluate, interpret, and even predict. The usage of this documentation approach is meant to supplement and strengthen the respondent's personal data, with the goal of obtaining complete, comprehensive, and fulfilling data.The documentary technique is -As well as being an official evidence, collecting data in the form of written notes and accounting data is a must. The documentary technique was utilized in this study to determine issues with community engagement in the development of Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency (Prysthon,2023).

Data Obtained
The data obtained from the field, both secondary and first-order, are presented from a qualitative point of view, by way of explanation, and then counted according to the research problem. Qualitative research data describe only the parts or points where important problems, problem formulations and research objectives are found, which have been protected through various information. (Aedi, 2010).
According to Miles and Huberman, in Sugiyono (2012) it was argued that the qualitative analysis of the data was done interactively and that the data was clear until the end..

Data reduction (data reduction)
The data that has not been reduced are in the form of field notes from the results of observation data and documentation in the form of information provided by informants that are not related to the research problem. The data is reduced by putting forward data that is not important and meaningless. Reduced data are presented as research reports. Therefore, the description of the research results will be clearer. Community participation in the development of Dulanga beach tourism has been reduced.
a. Collecting data from observations, interviews and documentation, then selected and grouped based on data similarity. b. The categorized data is organized as data presentation material

Data display (presentation of data)
Presenting this data discusses how the new findings relate to previous research. The objective of the presentation of research data is the problem being studied, the methods used, the discoveries obtained, the interpretation of the results and the theory.
Data presentation is a structured set of information that allows conclusions to be drawn and action taken. In this way, an image or part of the party being studied can be simplified.

Conclusion drawing / verification (conclusion)
At this stage, the authors make conclusions and suggestions as a final part of the research. The conclusion or verification is part of a configurative activity and is carried out in a brief and simple expression of the topics that are treated. Therefore, in this study, data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions are related to the time elapsed before and after data collection.

Participation in Activity Implementation
The expected level of engagement in society is participation that stems from the community's own awareness. This is consistent with the viewpoint voiced by one of the Bongo villagers, who desired active rather than passive community participation. According to his view, participation is an individual's mental and emotional involvement in a specific group setting that pushes him to support the attainment of group goals and take responsibility for them. Thus, community engagement in the planning process, execution and oversight of the preservation of Dulanga Beach Tourism can be realized.
According to the author, there are two steps that must be taken or performed in order for the government program to run smoothly and successfully: First, consider community involvement and participation. The community's engagement or involvement in attempts to enhance the area, particularly the addition of developing Dulanga Beach Tourism, is critical and must be done. Both the central and local governments must make chances for the community to participate in the administration and maintenance of Dulanga Beach tourism. Furthermore, the community has to be guided and counseled about the significance of Dulanga Beach Tourism in this life, particularly in the future.
In order to preserve Dulanga Beach Tourism, a mature implementation is required, and the community as an implementer plays a role in supplying energy and implementation time in creating Dulanga Beach Tourism, Bongo Village, the community participates in it as the executor of the activities carried out.
The community took part in the development of Dulanga beach tourism in Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, and Gorontalo Regency at the initiative of the Gorontalo Regency. Individuals, groups, and those coordinated by the government / NGOs have been extremely helpful in planting and growing Dulanga beach tourism, as well as Bongo Village.
Community participation, according to Adisasmita (2006: 38), can be described as the involvement and involvement of community people in development, including actions in the execution (implementation) of development projects.

Participation in the Use of Development Outcomes
Participation in the utilization of development results in Bongo Village is very good and helps each other for the development of Dulanga beach tourism in Bongo Village for the common welfare and participation of the local community and the response from the community is very good in developing Dulanga beach tourism in Bongo Village for the common welfare and participation of the local community and the response from the community is very good in developing Dulanga beach tourism, Bongo Village.
According to the findings of the interviews, informants were usually willing to engage in the maintenance and preservation of Dulanga Beach Tourism. Community participation in the village of Bongo to pay attention and respond to information is extremely beneficial to the long-term viability of Dulanga Beach Tourism. Community participation in development is one of the elements that is critical and absolutely necessary in the development framework, particularly if it is associated with a shift in the development paradigm that has now placed humans and society at the center of development, viewing society not only as a built object but as the subject of that development. alone.
According to Conyers (1982), there are three main reasons why community participation is critical: (1) Community participation is a measure to obtain information on the conditions and needs of local communities in the absence of disadvantaged development programmes and projects. Second, as more is known about the initiative, the community will have more confidence in a development project or program, as long as they feel included in the empowerment and planning. Thirdly, it is understood that the participation of the community in its development is a democratic right. (see Supriatna, 2000).
According to Cohen and Uphoff (1977), participation in the acceptance and usage of development results can be separated into two categories: material rewards such as higher income or other assets crucial for personal gain. Second, there are social advantages, schooling, health care, and other services. Third, there are personal rewards such as self-development, political influence, and the general idea that someone is gaining control of their authority. Fourth, consider the anticipated outcomes.

Monitoring and Evaluation Participation
Public knowledge is critical for the preservation of live ecosystems, particularly marine habitats and Dulanga Beach Tourism. Household garbage is also a major issue along the shoreline. This is because community garbage cannot be managed adequately, which has the potential to harm the environment, particularly marine ecosystems and coastal tourism. The village community's cleaning program is minimal in order to conserve the marine habitat. This is due to the community's apathy (ignorance) regarding their environment. Only a few people in the hamlet are aware of and actively promote Dulanga beach tourism.
The community is still attempting to maintain the balance of their environment with a use pattern that is still local in nuance and minimal equipment. The community's use, on the other hand, must be assessed in terms of long-term viability. The community took the initiative in 2007 to organize an environmentally conscious fishermen group with the fisherman's members. One of the tasks of the environmentally concerned fisherman group is to keep coastal tourist clean.Participation in monitoring and evaluation of development through rehabilitation or reforestation in the preservation of coastal tourism (mangroves) participates in monitoring by contributing our labor to repaint tourist attractions.
Community participation in monitoring and developing development results is good. The frequency of counseling on the management of Dulanga Beach Tourism resources is rare or even never, even though the extension is very important because sometimes the community uses Dulanga Beach Tourism as a source of income damaging the Dulanga Beach Tourism ecosystem. Judging from the role of the community who directly participated in the rehabilitation, this shows that their participation in developing the results of village 8 development. This community participation is of course good for the continuity of the Dulangga beach tourism area. Every development effort required monitoring to ensure that the implementation of these development activities followed predetermined plans and that in the event of irregularities, it was corrected immediately. Regarding the participation of the Community in the supervision of development, Kartasasmita (1997) has pointed out that "without supervision or control, what is planned and implemented can go in the opposite direction to the objectives set". This shows that Community oversight of development is absolutely necessary, in addition to that done in accordance with the established plan, to ensure that development outcomes, both physical and non-physical, can meet the needs of the community.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Community participation in the tourism development of Dulanga Beach, Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District and Gorontalo Regency communicates with the government in the tourist development of Dulanga Beach. Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency, the government team, has been an excellent participation in the tourism development done by the community on its own initiative. The participation in the use of development results in the village of Bongo is very good and mutually helps the development of tourism beach of Dulanga, Bongo Village, for mutual welfare and participation of the local community, and very positive reaction of the community / Participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development, restoration of tourism Dulanga beach or repopulation, participating in the monitor of the tourist community that destroys the beach of Bongo Village Dulanga reception. However, there is still no lack of supervision by the local government, the tourist offices of the sub-districts and related authorities.