FACTORS AFFECTING GEN Z TREND OF ‘STANDARD WORKING’ IN VIETNAM

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to determine the extent of influence on Gen Z tendency to “work moderately” in Vietnam, which has practical significance to help business managers plan their human resource management your business is better. Design/methodology/approach: The study collects secondary data from relevant documents on the main topics: the trend of “work moderately”, factors affecting the trend of “work moderately” of Gen Z. The documents are compiled mainly from the 2-year period from 2020 to 2022 from domestic and international sources. The study collects primary information through the construction of a questionnaire for the subjects of Gen Z who are of working age. Surveys are given on facebook groups. The survey was conducted from February 2023 to March 2023. This study used a questionnaire designed from the development of previous research results, surveying 223 samples to identify factors and levels. influence on the “work moderately” trend of Gen Z in Vietnam. Findings: The results of the regression analysis show that there are 6 factors that affect the “work moderately” trend of gen Z in descending order: Promotion opportunities (TT), Salary and bonus policy (LT), Working environment (LV), Nature of work (CV), Leadership support (LD) and Remuneration (DN). Research, Practical & Social implications: The research results can become a reference for businesses to have solutions to reduce the work moderately trend of employees in general and of Gen Z in particular. Originality/value: Although there have not been any specific reports on this situation in Vietnam, businesses have gradually realized the lack of enthusiasm of employees. With the current situation, investigating and analyzing the factors that lead to the tendency to work in moderation in Gen Z is extremely necessary so that business managers can grasp employee psychology and standards. timely and appropriate solutions to prevent the encroachment of this work culture. From the above reasons, the research team decided to carry out the article topic: “Factors affecting the work moderately trend of Gen Z in Vietnam”.


INTRODUCTION
Currently, the world is entering a new era of technology with the participation of belong to WHO -wisdom wisdom core create, claim ask the business Karma need Right Have one set department Young human resources are creative and talented in grasping trends, that is the Gen Z. However, unlike previous generations, Gen Z has a completely different mindset and working style. One of the working trends that is being applied by the majority of young people is "working moderately" and this is also the cause most run out of the business Karma e hesitate When People labor dynamic Are not still drain give it all yourself for the job.
In June 2022, Gallup conducted a survey of workers 18 years of age and older using a series of questions related to employee engagement, defined as "participation in and enthusiasm of employees in their work and workplace". The results of the survey indicate that "temporary workers" make up at least 50% of the US workforce, and this number is especially high among workers under the age of 35. (Gallup, 2022). According to Benítez-Márquez 2022 , businesses and workplaces must also adapt to Generation Z entering the workforce, in ways that have both advantages and disadvantages for businesses. (Benítez-Márquez et al., 2022). Although Gen Z has a higher average level of education than any previous generation, they are least likely to work as children, aged, and have grown up through the global financial crisis, uncertainty and uncertainty. politics and the global pandemic-no wonder they may be less enthusiastic about getting ahead on a regular basis. In addition, Forbes magazine pointed out that the phenomenon of workers feeling disconnected from the workplace has great consequences for industries such as education, healthcare (Done, 2022, Bizarria, F. P. de A, 2021. In the early 2020s, driven mainly by social media, "quiet quitting" emerged as a well-publicized trend in the United States and other countries (Mirchandani, 2022). This term appears in Vietnam with many different definitions: "Retire in silence", "Retire in thought", "Quiet quit".
Starting to appear in early 2022, the wave of moderate work is supported by the vast majority of young people in the West. Working in moderation, also known as giving up in silence, has become a new trend that has appeared and mentioned a lot on social networking platforms and is gradually spreading throughout the labor market in countries around the world. country in the world. It is considered by Gen Z as a working style that balances personal and work life. However, the business side has a more negative view because the line between working in moderation and working inefficiently is very thin. According to a report by Gallup -a consulting and analysis company in the US, the proportion of casual workers accounts for 50% of the workforce in this country, especially the majority of people under 35 years old and only 32%. employees feel engaged and want to contribute to their current job, 18% of employees are not too interested in the organization and the remaining 50% only work in moderation (Gallup, 2022).
Although there have not been any specific reports on this situation in Vietnam, businesses have gradually realized the lack of enthusiasm of employees. With the current situation, investigating and analyzing the factors that lead to the tendency to work in moderation in Gen Z is extremely necessary so that business managers can grasp the psychology of employees and standards. timely and appropriate solutions to prevent the encroachment of this work culture. From the above reasons , the research team decided to carry out the topic: "Factors affecting the tendency to work in moderation of Gen Z in Vietnam".

The Trend of "Working Moderately"
Giving a point of view on the matter, author Perisha Kudhail defines it: "Hard work" means carrying out the minimum requirements of the job and not spending more time, effort, or enthusiasm than it actually does. the need (Perisha Kudhail, 2017; Melo, T. 2022).
Anthony C. Klotz and Mark C. Bolino (2022) have made the point: "Middle-workers continue to fulfill their primary responsibilities, but they are less willing to participate in overtime activities eg. such as no longer staying late, arriving early or attending optional meetings (Anthony C. Klotz and Mark C. Bolino, 2022). They often turn off notifications on work applications and especially do not take work home." Thus, "temporary work" is not a layoff, but rather a way in which employees limit their responsibilities and work volume within "their original job description" to avoid overworking. working for too long, leading to consequences such as burnout, prolonged stress, burnout, etc. Accordingly, employees still complete their work, but this may be a sign that they are unhappy with their job. job or experiencing work burnout. While Quietly quitting, they may be thinking about their current job, salary, and how they are treated at work. They may be intending to change jobs.
In an unhealthy workplace culture, employees often feel compelled to get ahead in ways that are harmful to their health, such as by taking on additional projects that cause them to miss out. important family or social events. But if employees can prioritize civic behaviors that match their own motivations and needs, these activities can provide energy rather than burden. As an example of this, some employees may be motivated by helping others and so they may be excited to take on additional tasks when there is a social component. Others may be more motivated by public recognition, and so they may benefit more from focusing on highly valued civic activities within the organization. A manager's job is to listen to his employees.
Parker & Horowitz, 2022 argues that the reasons why workers work in moderation are: Salary is too low; No promotion opportunities; Not flexible enough at work; Benefits are not good (Parker & Horowitz, 2022). According to a survey at kwiksurvey.com, survey respondents answered that they work in moderation to reduce stress and avoid burnout from work. In addition, according to Adisa et al., 2022;Emslie & Hunt, 2009 wanting to increase work-life balance, receiving too little reward and too little recognition, and feeling job dissatisfaction were the most cited reasons in the study. save this. People re-evaluate their priorities and don't want to live just to work (Adisa et al., 2022;Emslie & Hunt, 2009).

Gene Concept Z
The Pew Research Center defines Generation Z as those born in 1997 or later (Mitchell, 2020). This milestone is based on many factors such as: the development of new technology; ability power access access Internet Are not wire together pandemic service go dynamic ice pine wide; event mandarin important belong to position gender like the ton labour terrible dad day 11 month 9 year 2001. This limit is widely accepted by major media agencies in the world. The the firm transmission pine Satisfied quote guide determined means belong to Pew bag including The new York Times, The Wall Street Journal, PBS and The Washington Post.
From dictionary Oxford tissue description Position generation Z To be "group the People born from last the 1990 arrive head the year 2010, the People Okay watch To be very familiar belong with Internet" (Dimock, 2019). From dictionary on duty line Merriam-Webster determined means: "Position generation Z To be position generation belong to the people born in the late 1990s and early 1990s 2000" (Merriam-webster, 2023).
According to research by Western Governors University, in comparison, Gen Z is often known for being different from previous generations in the following ways: They are more dreamy than real. economic; They have an entrepreneurial mindset than; Active language than; Compete than; Pursuit of safety and protection guard; Always have clear financial and career goals clear (Wieczorek, 2008). Dr. Jean Twenge has only go out one number special What is the difference of Gen Z generation compared to the previous generation? following: Easy to understand and empathize with social issues, such as separation culture, sexual orientation, racism ethnicity (Twenge, 2013). They care more about mental health, psychological problems, emotions, etc. Song with there, Surname also often bag mount attached with one number "mark" pepper pole like: generation worry melancholy/bass have a cold, easy bag image enjoy by the question topic heart physical, Okay tell wrap too much.

The Method of Data Collection
Research should be done to collect secondary data from relevant documents on the main topics: the trend of "temporary work", the factors affecting the tendency of "moderate work" of Gen Z. Materials are compiled mainly from the 2-year period from 2020 to 2022 from domestic and international sources.
The study collects primary information through the construction of a questionnaire for the subjects of Gen Z who are of working age. Surveys are given on facebook groups. The survey was carried out from February 2023 to March 2023. The regulation on the number of samples is that the sample-to-observed ratio must be at least 5:1 (Bollen, 1989). Thus, with a model with 28 parameters to be analyzed, the minimum number of samples must be 140 samples. To achieve this size, the author submitted the survey online in a convenient method.

Methods of Data Analysis
Valid answer sheets will be encrypted, entered and cleaned on SPSS software. Through SPSS software, data analysis is done through the following steps: Descriptive statistics : Make a frequency table, to make statistics of the characteristics of the collected samples by sex, age group, income level/month.
Evaluation of the scale: Test the reliability of the scales through Cronbach's Alpha reliability test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Variables with item-total correlation of less than 0.5 will be excluded and the criteria for choosing the scale when it has Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.6 or higher (Nunnally, JC, 1994) Testing the scale by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) : is a quantitative analysis method used to reduce a set of many interdependent measured variables into a smaller set of variables (called factors) so that they more meaningful but still contains most of the information content of the original set of variables (Hair Jr., et al, 2009).
Pearson correlation analysis: Pearson correlation coefficient test is used to test the linear relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Regression analysis: Linear regression analysis is a method of analyzing the relationship between the dependent variable Y and one or more independent variables X. The model uses a linear function (order 1). The parameters (or functions) of the model are estimated from the data.

Descriptive Statistics
As a result, the author has obtained 250 responses, after processing and removing 233 responses that are eligible for quantitative analysis. The 17 samples did not meet the standard because the respondents did not have an objective assessment of the problem, the answers were rated at the same level for all questions. The percentage of valid votes is 93.2%.

Rating Scale
In the article with the variable LD5 with the total correlation coefficient less than 0.3, it will be eliminated. The final analysis results of Cronbach's Alpha test: Carrying out the scale test results Cronbach's Alpha is greater than 0.6 and all correlation coefficients of the total variables are greater than 0.3, drawing the conclusion that all these scales are suitable and kept for the analysis. EFA accumulation.

For the independent variable
After running the model for the first time, all observations have satisfied the condition of loading factor > 0.5, but the variable MTLV3 has a load factor of 2 factors and has a load factor difference of less than 0.3, so type of variable MTLV3. Second exploratory factor analysis (type MTLV3). The results of factor analysis show that the KMO index is 0.815 > 0.5, which proves that the data used for factor analysis is completely appropriate. Barlett's test results with significance level Sig = 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the Rotated Component Matrix factor rotation table above, we see that the factor loading coefficients are all greater than 0.5 to ensure significance, so no variables are excluded. Eigenvalue = 1,556 > 1 represents the variation explained by each factor, then the derived factor has the best information summary significance. Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings (Cumulative %) = 65.862% > 50%. This proves that 6 independent factors explain 65.862% of the tumor research model. The results of factor analysis show that the KMO index is 0.802 > 0.5, which proves that the data used for factor analysis is completely appropriate. Barlett's test results with significance level Sig = 0.000 < 0.05. Perform factor analysis according to Principal components with Varimax rotation. The results show that: the total value of variance extracted = 70.625% > 50%, then it can be said that this factor explains 70.625% of the variation of the data . The values between the independent and dependent variables all have sig < 0.05, so between the pairs of independent and dependent variables there is a linear correlation and statistical significance. The values between some pairs of independent variables have sig < 0.05, so there is a linear correlation between those independent variables, so multicollinearity can occur. From the results of the regression analysis, the coefficient R = 0.818 shows that the variables in the model have a correlation relationship with each other. R2 value (R Square) = 0.669, so this value represents the goodness of fit of the model. Compared with the R2 value, the adjusted R2 value reflects the fit of the model to the population more accurately. To have a good model, the adjusted R squared needs to be greater than 0.5 (50%) < 1, so in this model the author gives the adjusted R2 result = 0.660 which is considered appropriate. The adjusted R2 value = 0.660 means that the factors of CHTT, DN, L, MTLV, LD, BCCV change 66% in affecting idling work, the remaining 33% are due to out-of-model variables and errors. random number.

Evaluate the Fit of the Model
Durbin-Watson index = 2.154, with a sample size of 233 and 6 independent factors. We look up the Durbin-Watson table and get dL = 1,744, dU = 1,842, in the range dU < DW < 4-dU, so there is no autocorrelation of residuals in the linear regression model. Thus, the multiple regression model satisfies the conditions of evaluation and test of suitability for giving research results u. The Sig value of the F-test is 0.000 < 0.05. Thus, the constructed linear regression model is fit to the population . The relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is shown by the following equation: Thus, all 6 hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 are accepted.

DISCUSSING RESEARCH RESULTS
The results after analyzing data identified 6 factors affecting the tendency of Gen Z to work moderately in Vietnam in descending order: Promotion opportunities (TT), Salary and bonus policy (LT), Working environment (MT), Nature of work (CV), Leadership support (LD) and Remuneration (DN). Promotion opportunities are the factor that has the most direct impact on the current Gen Z trend of "temporary work". This proves that promotion opportunities are one of the decisive factors for businesses to attract and retain talents. Therefore, enterprises should try to promote good values and create opportunities for employees to develop careers and easily advance. The salary and bonus policy is a factor that has a strong impact on this "temporary work" trend. The well-constructed salary and bonus policy will meet the most basic living standards for employees in the company in order to ensure the life of employees so that they can work and work with peace of mind. at work, increase labor productivity and increase motivation so that employees can try harder at work. The working environment is considered an important factor in the trend of "working moderately". This factor greatly affects the productivity and quality of work of employees. When working in an environment as expected, each employee will feel stimulated, have more creative inspiration, be more motivated to do their best work. The nature of work is also a factor that strongly influences the trend of "moderate work". Interesting work creates excitement for employees in the working process. Leadership support is an important factor but does not have too much impact on Gen Z's tendency to "work in moderation". Remuneration is assessed as an indirect and weakest to the trend of "working moderately".

CONCLUSION
With qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study has shown 6 factors that affect the tendency of "moderate work" of the Z gene in descending order: Promotion opportunities (TT), Compensation policy (LT), Working environment (MT), Nature of work (CV), Leadership support (LD) and Remuneration (DN). Research results can become a reference for businesses to have solutions to minimize this trend of employees in general and of Gen Z in particular.