SOCIOECONOMIC BIASES: ANALYSIS OF POPULAR PERCEPTION ABOUT SANITARY SEWAGE SERVICES IN PERNAMBUCO

Purpose: This article aimed to know the popular knowledge about sanitary sewage in relation to the socioeconomic profile of the participants. Theoretical framework: Corresponds to searches in scientific literature, legislation and standards and technical data on social research and basic sanitation. Method/design/approach: Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the survey was carried out virtually, with the sharing of an electronic questionnaire via email and WhatsApp messages. The survey responses were crossed with the qualifications of the participants according to the parameters of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data were confronted with regulations and existing scientific research on the subject. Results and conclusion: The responses of 251 participants were considered. Although only nine had academic training up to Elementary School, these being residents of low-income neighbourhoods, it was observed that this was the group that most deals with the problems arising from the lack of basic sanitation, more specifically sanitary sewage. With this, it was possible to point out the populations of the poorest communities as the public most affected by the problems caused by the lack of a sanitary sewage system. Finally, resolving strategies were formulated for the problems now identified.


INTRODUCTION
The Human Right to Water and Sanitary Depletion emerged internationally in 2010, after the United Nations (UN) General Assembly recognized its relevance to the right to life, dignity, and physical and mental health.As a fundamental right, states have a responsibility to recognize and guarantee these services in the territories, through the development of public policies and laws.Thus, they allow citizens to enjoy, monitor and regulate the implementation of services, certifying their non-violation, regardless of issues related to gender, age, social class, race, religion, or any other particularities (NEVES-SILVA & HELLER, 2016;GAUTHIER & MORAN, 2018).
Access to basic sanitation, stemming from the Principle of the Dignity of the Human Person, is recognized in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, or simply the Federal Constitution, as a Basic Right (BRAZIL, 1988).Thus, aiming to provide the fulfillment of actions concerning this right and ensuring a good quality of life for its people and the protection of the environment, the Brazilian State created in 2007 the Basic Sanitation Law No. 11.445/2007, which brought in its scope guidelines and goals to be met by the federative entities in the national, state and municipal spheres (BRAZIL, 2007).
The provision of basic sanitation services, according to the norm, has as its fundamental principles the universalization and the completeness, among others, so that the Brazilian population has access to the water supply, sanitary sewage, urban cleaning and solid waste management in a fair and equal manner.In 2020, the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation was published, Law No. 14.026/2020, which updated the Law of 2007, having as one of its goals the guarantee of the care of 90% of the population with sewage collection and treatment services by December 2033, aiming at human and environmental safety (BRAZIL, 2020).
The Atlas Sewage -Depollution of Watersheds of the National Water Agency (ANA, 2017) identified that 45% of the Brazilian population does not have sewage treatment.In Pernambuco, the Northeast of Brazil, this percentage is even higher: 61.72%, of which 17.60% have access to collected and untreated sewage, and 44.12% to uncollected and untreated sewage.This scenario favors the proliferation of diseases, the expansion of poverty and the dissemination of informal alternatives to sanitation infrastructure, as a result of the bad smell, the leakage and the return of waste, among other aspects.These conditions corroborate the unhealthiness of the people living in and around these places, and still give rise to many neighborhood conflicts.
Public initiative programs aimed at the collective social interest are effective when they consider the opinion of the direct beneficiaries, since it is they who know the real shortcomings and deficiencies of the environment in which they live.That is why the participation of society in the elaboration of public policies is fundamental for guaranteeing the right to access to basic sanitation.According to Neves- Silva and Heller (2016), in order to face the problems of society caused by the lack of sanitary exhaustion, it is indispensable that there is social participation in the planning and control of public policies that meet the needs of the population in an equal manner.In this sense, the present article sought to carry out a survey on the popular knowledge about the sewage service in municipalities of the state of Pernambuco.Scientific research of this order works as feedback from users of public services, being of great importance for the identification and the proposition of aspects to be implemented and/or improved in the provision of these services, from a good intervention by the state and/or the public service providers themselves.

THEORETICAL FRAME
Sanitation controls the harmful influences of the physical environment on man, guaranteeing conditions suitable for a good quality of life.This includes the collection, transport, treatment and final disposal of water supply services, urban cleaning, solid waste management, rainwater management, urban drainage and sanitary drainage, according to the minimum quality parameters established in Law (MENDES & BARCELLOS, 2018;BRAZIL, 2020).International policy, which combines development with environmental conservation, became more relevant and representative in Brazil in the second half of the 2000s.Aiming to protect and reduce harmful effects on the environment, the country has developed extensive environmental legislation, especially when compared to other nations.This legal framework must be attended by individuals and legal entities.The Federal Constitution (BRAZIL, 1988) recognizes basic sanitation as a right of every Brazilian and deals with the competence of the Union to "[...] draw up and execute national and regional plans for spatial planning and economic and social development [...]"; and to "[...] institute guidelines for urban development, including housing, sanitation and urban transport [...]" (TRATA BRASIL, 2019).
Considering the characterization of basic sanitation as a Universal Right and aiming to fulfill the goal of the Millennium Development Goal, the Basic Sanitation Law was promulgated in Brazil, through Law No. 11,445/2007(BRAZIL, 2007), which establishes the National Policy of Basic Sanitation.With this Law, the creation of the National Plan for Basic Sanitation, under the coordination of the Ministry of Cities, with the intention of universalizing in the short, medium and long term this service in the national territory, observing the compatibility of this action with the other public plans and policies of the Union.The provision of such services must take account of local and regional peculiarities, in a manner compatible with urban and regional development, housing, combating and eradicating poverty, environmental protection and health promotion policies, and other aspects of major social interest.These factors include social participation, transparency of actions and integration of services and infrastructure with the use of technologies, and municipalities are responsible for monitoring and regulating the actions of the executors (NEVES-SILVA & HELLER, 2016).Thus, the universalization of access to basic sanitation still supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2015), with municipalities being the ones with the greatest participation, as they are responsible for formulating policy, preparing municipal sanitation plans and promoting management (RITT & OLIVEIRA, 2016;ATAIDE & BORJA, 2017;UN, 2021).
The New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation, determined by Law 14.026/2020 (BRAZIL, 2020), updated the regulation of public policies aimed at the basic infrastructure of the country, covering four areas fundamental to the well-being of society: (i) drinking water supply, (ii) sanitary drainage, (iii) urban cleaning and management of solid waste and (iv) drainage and management of rainwater and urban.Thus, public policies directed towards sanitary exhaustion must take into consideration this new legislation in all the stages of this service, from the collection of effluents until the final destination.
In addition to drawing up the National Plan for Basic Sanitation (Plansab), an instrument that guides pipelines and sets targets for reaching 90% of the population served by sanitary exhaustion by 2033 (BRAZIL, 2013;ARAGÃO & BORGES, 2018), the Federal Government has reserved to municipalities the function of planning actions for this purpose.To do so, it is foreseen that the planning is the responsibility of the health service holder, being indelegable to another entity (ATAIDE & BORJA, 2017).The state of Pernambuco has as its policy directed towards sanitation Agenda 21 (PERNAMBUCO, 2002), which recognizes that its sanitation services have a low rate of attendance of the population, an operational inefficiency and an inadequate management.According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), of the 185 municipalities in Pernambuco, only 51 had collecting networks with sewage treatment stations (27.56%) (IBGE, 2017a).According to the 2017 National Basic Sanitation Survey (IBGE, 2017c), of the total of 185 municipalities in Pernambuco, only 149 have a sanitary sewage service per collecting network in operation.Of these, 24 have a formal legal instrument for delegating the provision of this service from the public to the private, and only 11 mention clauses for the universalization of the service, of which two describe the targets in a manner compatible with the Municipal Plan for Basic Sanitation (PMSB).According to the agency, eight municipalities do not have the plan and only one mentions the goal of universalization in its plan, but in an incompatible way.Thus, it is noticeable that the direction of the Brazilian federal government as to the execution of local plans for the universalization of sanitary sewage is not yet being properly followed in the state and municipal levels.
To combat this major deficiency, the action base for sustainability, Strategy 3 of Agenda 21 of Pernambuco (PERNAMBUCO, 2002), Sustainable Management of Sanitation Services, proposes the improvement of the sanitation service from the expansion of the systems until the universalization of care is reached.This strategy also established guidelines for the implementation of treatment systems and the adequate disposal of residual sludge from all sewage treatment plants, as well as for the promotion of public awareness campaigns, aiming at the elimination of inadequate release of sewage into channels, streams, rivers and other bodies of water.
To ensure the implementation of Plansab, the government of Pernambuco delegated the implementation of public policies regarding sanitary exhaustion to the Pernambuco Sanitation Company (Compesa), through Law 16.520/2018 (PERNAMBUCO, 2018).Compesa was constituted by Law No. 6.307/1971, having as one of its social objectives the provision of sewage service to meet the needs of users in the state (PERNAMBUCO, 1971).Starting from the direction of Plansab, the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, published Law No. 1.153/2014, authorizing the technical study for the elaboration of the PMSB, in order to plan actions and goals to solve its problems and sanitary needs, as well as establish strategies and programs to realize the supply of basic sanitation services to the population (JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES, 2014).Nevertheless, the PMSB has been obligatory since 2007, so that municipalities receive federal financial resources, as established by Law No. 11.445/2007, and Jaboatão dos Guararapes has not yet drawn up the sanitation plan (BRASIL, 2007;IBGE, 2017b).As determined by the government of Pernambuco for its municipalities, in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, the basic sanitation services of water supply and sanitary depletion are in charge of Compesa, being the drainage and collection of solid waste under the responsibility of the city hall.
The complexity of environmental management is due to the large number of environmental problems that cause a poor quality of life to people, to which is added sanitary exhaustion (CARCARÁ et al., 2018).According to Bay e Silva (2011) and Grijo e Wenceslau (2017), all planning, implementation and social control must be regulated and managed with the participation of the population, aiming at sustainability and the construction of citizen consciousness.As public policies are interventions of the government aimed at the public interest with the purpose of meeting the demands of the whole population, it is indispensable that all social groups be benefited by these actions and that they have knowledge about the environment that surrounds them and the services that are offered.This knowledge makes it possible to monitor and charge public managers when these services are inefficient, so as to ensure the right of access to basic sanitation (RITT & OLIVEIRA, 2016).
With the resistance of social struggles and technological advances, sanitation coverage by the countries of the Americas has expanded but is still in deficit, especially in low-income neighborhoods (HARRIS & ROA-GARCÍA, 2013;SIQUEIRA et al., 2017).According to Neves- Silva and Heller (2016), there is a tendency for the people who live on the outskirts of cities not to have their rights respected.This urban portrait accompanies the history of humanity and is accentuated in the periods of greater development.The division of social groups between rich and poor concentrates the power of decision-making about the exploitation of natural resources, constructions and investments in the class with greater economic and political influence, which seeks to satisfy its own interests.This liberalist logic leads to social problems that have repercussions in the environmental sphere, making populations with greater purchasing power benefit more in the provision of health services as in the quality of the supply (ATAIDE & BORJA, 2017).
Ceccato and Lukyte (2011) emphasize that the fight against poverty must be dealt with in a central dimension of the contemporary debate on sustainable urban development.Population growth and the disorderly occupation of territories are factors that influence the construction of houses with infrastructure unsuitable for a good quality of life, which also causes the overload of existing sanitation facilities (AZAGE et al., 2020).Thus, the issue of sanitation runs directly through other areas of public policies, such as economic, environmental, housing and health, among others, that give good quality of life to the human being and provide a more sustainable environment (RESENDE et al., 2018).The supply of basic sanitation also has a positive influence on gender equality, as advocated by SDG 5 (UN, 2015), since it is often women who are responsible for domestic activities, especially dealing with the shortage of water and sanitation (DICKIN et al., 2021).Access to these infrastructure reduces the tasks that normally fall upon the poor woman, such as collecting water for feeding, hygiene, and cleaning the home, factors directly associated with exposure to diseases of water circulation, such as cholera, leptospirosis, hepatitis, verminoses, and even COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.These conditions are posed as major challenges for public policies related to basic sanitation (EKUMAH et al., 2020;GUERRERO-LATORRE et al., 2020;MRAZ et al., 2021).
Because it is very common in Brazil, disorganized urban development occurs in all regions of the country, causing difficulties in access to basic sanitation and making environments vulnerable and unhealthy (AGUIAR et al., 2018).Projects and works with a high environmental impact are unlikely to negatively impact high-standard social groups, while investments that favor the improvement of the environment and quality of life, such as sanitation, generally prioritize this public (GERHARDT & ARAÚJO, 2019).As the collective depletion services offered are often precarious, people are forced to create individual solutions, without complying with the technical and sanitary requirements laid down in the regulatory standards.These autonomous systems, built in an inadequate manner, do not attend to the collection, conduction and treatment of the sewage properly, being the cause of leaks, infiltrations, blockages, among others.In view of this set of adversities and because it is a fundamental right, the Judiciary has an important role to play in ensuring this, acting in the same way as it does with all other rights (SIQUEIRA et al., 2017).

METHOD
The survey of primary data was done with the use of the Survey and snowball methods, using as a research tool an electronic questionnaire prepared and made available on the Google Forms platform, forwarded to the participants by means of messages to their personal contacts via the WhatsApp and e-mail, in the face of the COVID-193 pandemic.Respondents were also asked to share the search engine with their network of contacts.The pre-test (BUCUR & BAN, 2019) was carried out with researchers from the Environmental Management Research Group in Pernambuco (Gampe), of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE).The questionnaire remained available for receipt of replies during 21 days in October 2020.
The sample of participants was qualified by means of parameters used by the IBGE, namely: gender, age group, marital status, profession and education degree.The questionnaire had questions that dealt with the theme of basic sanitation, with objective questions about sanitary exhaustion and neighborhood, with three levels of agreement as options for the answer: I agree, partially agree and disagree.
The calculation of sample size was based on the formula for an infinite population, according to Gil (2019): Where:  -sample size;  2 -chosen confidence level, expressed in number of standard deviations; -percentage at which the phenomenon occurs;  -complementary percentage (100 -); -maximum error allowed.
The standard deviation set was equal to 2, with a confidence level of 95% and a maximum error of 7%.According to the 24th Diagnosis of Water and Sewage Services of the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS, 2019), the average rate of urban care per sewage collection system of the municipalities of the state of Pernambuco varies from 20% to 40%, these extremes being considered for the calculation of the n sampling.Accordingly, the two percentages referring to the verification of the phenomenon of non-compliance with the sewage collection system were 80% and 60%.When calculating the n sample with the parameters described, 131 and 196 interviewees were interviewed, respectively.Thus, a minimum sample of 196 was considered in this study.The data was plotted in a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet, using Descriptive Statistics to cross-check respondents' responses with their qualification, in order to understand the variables that influenced their responses.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
There were 263 responses, with only 251 residents in Pernambuco selected, and a valid sample for an infinite population established for the study.These collaborators reside in 23 of the 185 municipalities in Pernambuco (Figure 1), with Recife, Jaboatão dos Guararapes and Paulista being the municipalities with the largest participation in the responses, totaling 203 respondents.The participation of these municipalities was 121 (48.21%), 68 (27.09%) and 14 persons (5.58%).The municipalities of Alliance, Footwear, Floresta, Gravatá, Itacuruba, Paudalho, Petrolina, Vertentes and Vitória de Santo Antão had only one respondent each (0.40% of the total participants).For the other municipalities (11), quantities were obtained above a response, totaling 39 employees.With regard to the qualification of the interviewees, the data revealed that the female population represented 55.38% of the total.With regard to the age group, the highest representativeness was found with ages between 20 and 29 years (33.07%) and 50 to 59 years (22.71%).Single and married represented 90.04% of the total sampled, this being the highest percentage of participants regarding marital status.The stated occupation/profession of the interviewees revealed that 15.94% are civil servants (unspecified profession), 11.95% are students, 6.77% professors and 5.98% lawyers, with the remaining 59.36% distributed among other professions.As regards the degree of instruction, 36.99% of the respondents stated that they had undergraduate degrees, 33.33% had postgraduate degrees, 26.02% had completed high school and 3.66% had completed elementary school.
It was observed that the participants were aware of the existence of the Basic Sanitation Law in Brazil, with agreement prevailing in all groups (Figure 2).The highest percentages were given to the profile of people who followed the legal evolution of the country or who were direct users of the Law, for needing this normalization for the resolution of problems in the personal or professional ambit, with a special emphasis on married people, women, people over the age of 60, people with Elementary Education and post graduates, with the respective percentages of 69.30%, 71.22%, 81.25%, 66.67% and 78.04%.The opinion of the survey respondents regarding the action of the municipal government in the elaboration of local public policies differed (Figure 3).Of the 251 people participating, only 74 (29.48%) stated that there is regulation of the sewage service in the municipality where they live, and 67 (26.69%) disagreed; the remaining 110 people (43.82%) declared partially agreed.This data may indicate two different situations: both the ignorance of the majority of the sampled population on the theme, and the neglect of the local government of its municipality.In detailing these results, it was found that women were more aware than men, and there was a difference of approximately 10% in relation to the responses of these two audiences.With regard to marital status, age and educational level, it was noted that there was a greater agreement in the groups of married people, aged over 50 years and with post-graduate studies, respectively.It is evident that the social problem arising from the absence of the sewage service has a direct link with poverty, a fact further highlighted by regional analyzes of complaints made by the population through the media, given essentially in needier localities (BROWN et al., 2016).When asked about their agreement with the fact that the absence of sanitation services was associated with poverty, it was observed that the participants' responses did not have any interference with qualifications as to marital status, gender and age.However, it was seen that the variable degree of education influenced these responses, with postgraduates showing a lower percentage in agreement and respondents with Elementary Education, the higher percentage, indicating that the most needy and with more elementary level of study experience this reality more closely, a fact also pointed out by the study by Paiva e Souza (2018).According to the Instituto trata Brasil (2018), the schooling of people with access to adequate basic sanitation reaches an average of 9.27 years of training, while those without proper access to this service have an average study time of only 5.49 years.
A study carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, found that the indicators of family income and household situation indicated inequalities when associated with the condition of having adequate access to sanitary exhaustion.In this study, Nahas et al. (2019) observed that in 2010 households with income above ten minimum wages had 4.5 more chances of access to the sewage service when compared to households with income of up to 1.5 minimum wage, results that corroborate the reality of the areas of socioeconomic deprivation, which are the lack of planning and lack of investments in sanitation infrastructure and the little access to the sewage service.According to the IBGE (2017a), the monthly income of people with access to sanitation was R$ 2,947.06 in Brazil and R$ 2,193.35 in the state of Pernambuco.In the municipalities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, in the state of Pernambuco, this average was R$3,637.17 and R$1,888.67,respectively.In turn, people who are not served by the service, receive monthly average values of R$ 501.21,R$ 426.57,R$ 778.30 and R$ 726.03, respectively, in Brazil, in Pernambuco and in the municipalities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes (TRATA BRASIL, 2018).Brown, Neves-Silva and Heller (2016) point out that the poor conditions of the provision of sanitation services further aggravate the living conditions of people who live in poorer communities, such as the outskirts of cities.
On the relationship between levels of schooling, average income and conditions of access to basic sanitation services, Venson et al. (2019, p. 213) state that the socioeconomic characteristics of families are directly related to the category of sanitary exhaustion chosen for their households.According to the authors, families that have a collection network have a higher average per capita income than families with other categories of sanitary depletion, the rudimentary cesspool being the most predominant structure of sanitary depletion mainly among the poorest families in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions.For the authors, more adequate sanitation structures demand more financial resources and depend on a greater understanding on the part of individuals about the benefits of their adequacy.
When asked whether the problem of lack of sanitary exhaustion favors an increase in the incidence of diseases in the population, the participants were unanimous in agreeing with this question, regardless of their level of education and their socioeconomic level.The poor functioning of sewage makes the environment unhealthy for families, promotes environmental degradation and stimulates the incorrect use of the soil, causing parasitic diseases to become serious public health problems, especially in rainy seasons, due to floods and flooding (OLIVEIRA et al., 2015;SILVA et al., 2019).For example, dengue, leptospirosis, diarrhea, taeniasis, hepatitis A and chagas disease are infectious-parasitic diseases that have the environment as their major determinant and are strongly related to inadequacies of environmental sanitation, being quite recurrent in underdeveloped countries (BÜHLER et al., 2014;PRADO & MIAGOSTOCIVH, 2014;SIQUEIRA et al., 2017).Therefore, the high incidence of these pathologies in a community is an indication that there is a deficient sanitation system there.
There was agreement between 211 respondents (84.06% of respondents) when they considered that the Laws could help in the reduction of environmental pollution and the dissemination of diseases by sewage, regardless of their formal level of education.Even this high percentage indicating that the respondents understand that the Laws assist the functioning of the sewage services, it should be pointed out that this reasoning is, in a way, premature, because it considers that only the institution of the Laws is sufficient to make the sanitary structures adequate and functional, ignoring other ways as fundamental as respect for the legislation, such as executory project, logistics, financial and human capital, technical knowledge and popular participation.This statement is evidenced by considering that even Brazil has a broad legislation about environmental protection and basic sanitation, the percentage of people without access to this fundamental right is still considerably high.The majority of participants agreed that the failure of the responsible authorities to comply with the laws compromises the universalization of the sewage service, and there were no major variations in the levels of agreement of the respondents depending on their qualification (Figure 4).Thus, even if it is not the direct function of the judiciary to resolve health issues, it is of fundamental importance that it does not fail to solve the problems inherent in this area from the promotion of justice.Ritt and Oliveira (2016) and Struecker and Hoffmann (2017) talk about the importance of mutual collaboration between citizens and public managers, as social engagement is fundamental to the improvement of government decisions and services offered to the population.The authors emphasize that care for the environment is everyone's duty: civil society and public power.
The analysis of the responses also made it possible to observe that the majority of the interviewees are aware that there are complaints channels for receiving complaints about the lack of the service.In this aspect, the qualification degree of instruction stands out, when it was perceived that the level of agreement between people with fundamental level of education was 66.67%, and that among people with post-graduation was 41.46%.The representativeness of the responses of people with Elementary Education indicates that this public knows the legal means to solve the problems faced about the malfunctioning of sewage, suggesting that these have already needed to solve situations of this kind.According to the Instituto trata Brasil (2017), these complaints are made mainly from street teams to responsible institutions, such as municipal secretariats and subprefectures, executing companies, prosecutors, councilors and non-governmental organizations, active in the environmental and sanitation area, besides the press itself.
When asked about the need to seek out the environmental secretariats to treat the inadequate use of sewage in the neighborhood, it was found that there was equivalent agreement among the respondents regarding their marital status, gender and age.The participants in the interview with Primary Education showed a greater influence in these responses, with a percentage of 66.67%, being observed a progressive decline in relation to the other indicators of formal education, with rates of 59.38%, 57.14% and 53.66%, respectively, for the high level, higher education and post-graduation.In this question, once again the public with more basic schooling levels showed that they knew the ways to claim the correct attention to sewage services, possibly because they had already faced problems with these services.Andrade et al. (2021) highlight that infiltrations, leaks, exhalation of odors and return of sewage are quite common problems in the domestic sanitary sphere.
In view of the wide knowledge of different areas that the provision of a good sanitary sewage system requires, it is highlighted the need to integrate strategies of different orders, as spoken by Mensah (2020).Thus, based on the analysis of the studies consulted and the responses of the participants of this research, and in order to support the development of future studies and actions, transdisciplinary resolutive strategies are indicated, applicable in the areas: (i) administrative and managerial, (ii) educational and (iii) engineering and infrastructure.Creating public policies that prioritize sustainability.

Educational Strategies a)
Development of campaigns tailored to all social groups, on the importance of the population and the provision of sanitation services in this process; b) Raising awareness among individuals in public and private schools, from early childhood to high school, about the importance of basic sanitation for people's health and environmental preservation, with the elaboration of educational primers and the giving of lectures on daily changes of attitude that impact the environment positively or negatively, besides the inclusion of this theme in school disciplines such as Science, Geography, History, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Sociology; c) Provision of the list of competent bodies in the area of sanitation, with their respective addresses and channels of care.

Engineering and Infrastructure Strategies a)
Enabling the construction of appropriate individual structures, such as septic tanks for the control of household effluents; b) Construction of collective structures for the collection and treatment of sewage in the localities with the greatest urgency of sanitation; c) Implementation of the use of information technologies that assist in the process of management and management of services.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The quality of the sanitation services offered in the urban centers and on the outskirts of the Pernambuco municipalities analyzed was different and, according to the literature, it suffers interference from factors such as socioeconomic condition, population growth and process of urbanization.The IBGE qualification parameter that was most related to the respondents' responses was the degree of education (formal study), since even more than half of the 13 respondents were of higher socioeconomic and instructional levels, it was found that people who studied until elementary school are those who most deal with the problems arising from the lack of basic sanitation, particularly sanitary exhaustion.The parameters of gender, age and marital status did not reveal much about the profile of the conflicts, there always being equivalence in the responses between men and women; young people, adults and elderly; and single, married and divorced.
It can be seen that initiatives in the administrative-managerial, educational and engineering-infrastructure fields can be positive so that issues related to basic sanitation and, in particular, the empowerment of less favored communities are strengthened so that they can discuss with the powers constituted to the scope of their right regarding the improvement of environmental quality.It is recommended that similar studies be carried out in order to understand the profile of the users and their environmental perception in relation to issues related to basic sanitation, so that public policies directed towards the most vulnerable groups are established in the country, raising the environmental quality of the environment.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Geographical location of the municipalities of the interviewees in the state of Pernambuco

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Degree of agreement of the interviewees by qualification in relation to the existence of the Basic Sanitation Law in Brazil Subtitle: Elementary school; Secondary school; Secondary school; Higher education; Graduate PG

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Degree of agreement of the interviewees with data from the qualification regarding the existence of Public Policies that regulate sanitary exhaustion in the municipality where they live Subtitle: Elementary school; Secondary school; Secondary school; Higher education; Graduate PG

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Degree of agreement of interviewees by qualification regarding non-compliance with the Laws by the responsible authorities to influence the non-universalization of sanitary exhaustion Subtitle: Elementary school; Secondary school; Secondary school; Higher education; Graduate PG ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-17 | e03158 | 2023.