ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCES IN COUNTIES FROM THE REGION OF “AGRESTE” IN THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO, AND THE GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS TO MINIMIZE THEM, ACCORDING TO COUNTIES’ MANAGERS

Purpose: analyze the recent environmental changes and monitor programs of local governments. Theoretical framework: is supported by literature on the maturity level of sustainability and sustainable . Method/design/approach: the most populated municipalities of Pernambuco in the mid-dry region of the state were investigated by applying the same questionnaire and interviews used in all Brazil by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) in 2002. Results and conclusion: Based on the questionnaires, two indices were generated: Anthropic Pressures Index and Anthropic Pressures Mitigation Index. It is proven, from the data, an increase of impacts and a reduced number of local policies. Research implications: the lack of studies of the environmental situation in the municipalities of Pernambuco is noteworthy, as well as the absence of environmental policies to address these negative impacts. Originality/value: one of the most debated topics nowadays has been the human impacts on the natural environment. In this respect, public policies aimed at mitigation have been insufficient.


INTRODUCTION
In the current scenario, one of the most debated topics has been the socio-environmental impacts caused by human beings due to population, technological and economic advances, so that the planetary environment, especially in countries that are in a process of "development" more accelerated, lacks public policies aimed at minimizing the impacts of this pace of growth and other aspects of the relations of humans with nature.This is similar to the situation in Santiago de Cuba, according to recent research.
Rapid urbanization, population growth and changes in lifestyles in low -and middleincome countries contribute to increasing the per capita domestic waste generation.This trend leads to deplorable environmental and public health conditions, especially in rapidly expanding cities of low-and middle-income countries lacking appropriate waste management systems, Santiago de Cuba is no exception3 .(Mosler, Drescher, Zurbru, Rodrigues & Miranda, 2006).
This article not only portrays the situation in many countries, but also shows the development of a strategy aimed at minimizing solid waste in order to ensure a better quality of life for citizens, despite the fact that this waste is just one of many urban problems that generate social and environmental impacts (Melo, Sautter & Janissek, 2009).
In spite of the society's mobilization hasn't been enough yet, the importance of preserving the environment remains quite clear.Nevertheless, it didn't use to be always this way.Only after the nineteen-seventies this argument received more emphasis and has been part of the daily table globally (Scoto, 2007, Cavalcanti, 2005).
In 1972, in the city of Stockholm, for the very first time countries as a globe got together to try to set actions in order to harmonize the economic development with the environmental preservation.In the beginning of the nineties took place in Rio de Janeiro the United Nations Conference about Environment and Development (CNUMAD, 1995).In Rio-92 the most important global environment agreements of the mankind history were signed, but in despite of that, the effective control of environmental impacts can't be observed yet, the same as the poverty decrease in the world, nor the sustainable use of natural resources (Cordani, Marcovitch & Salati, 1997).
One of the most significant results of this meeting was the Agenda 21, who, according to the Brazilian Secretary of Environment, can be defined as the instrument of planning, which conciliates methods of environmental protection, social justice and economic efficiency in order to build sustainable societies in different geographic basis.
As of 2003, Brazilian Agenda 21 not only entered the implementation phase assisted by CPDS 4 , and was also raised to the condition of Multiannual Plan Program (PPA 2004(PPA -2007)), by the current government (Brasil, 2010a).
The other parts of this article present: the context and locus of the research; the research objectives; the adopted method; the obtained results and their discussion.

THE RESEARCH CONTEXT
The State of Pernambuco is one of the 26 Unities of the Brazilian Federation, and is located in the Northeastern region, one of the great regions the country is divided, and contemplates, according to IBGE (1990), five meso-regions: Metropolitan (with 14 counties), Pernambucan Mata, Pernambucan Agreste, Pernambucan Sertão and Pernambucan São Francisco.
Knowing that the Pernambucan Agreste represents 24.7% of the State's territory, counting the population about 2,200,000 habitants (IBGE, 2010), which amounts 25.2% of residents in the State, its importance in a representative study of the State's outlook remains clear (Corrêa, 2022).
The mesoregion is divided into three Regions of Development -RD, categorization used by the State's government to set public policies, which are Central Agreste, Northern Agreste and Southern Agreste (Pernambuco, 2010).We can note that the mesoregions and regions of development are used as references by other researches looking for the debate of the regional development (Begnini & Almeida, 2016).
Socioeconomic data that contextualize the municipalities under study are presented in Table 1.Despite its importance, there is still a lack of studies and analyses of the environmental reality of the municipalities, as well as a lack of strategies in the environmental policies of these entities of the Federation, which aim at reducing the negative impacts of human activity on the environment (Pereira, Sauer & Fagundes, 2015;Frainer, Souza, Reis & Castelão, 2017).With a view to contributing to the knowledge of this reality, Pedrosa, Lefosse and others (2011) conducted surveys of the most populous municipalities in Pernambuco, about the perceptions of managers on environmental changes and on municipal policies that aimed at minimizing the respective impacts.

RESULTS OF THE IBGE SURVEY (2008 AND 2009) ON MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT
The survey benefited from IBGE surveys on various environmental issues, included in the Municipal Basic Information Survey -MUNIC (IBGE, 2008(IBGE, e 2009)).
Regarding this survey, IBGE itself summarizes its part about the environment as follows: In this context, the analysis of the environment is structured as follows: the first part is dedicated to the existence of Municipal Environmental Councils; the second deals with questions related to the existence of an environmental structure in the municipality, staff linked to the environment, existence and sources of financial resources, existence of a Municipal Environmental Fund, environmental licensing, articulation in the environmental area with other municipalities, issues addressed in these consortiums, associations or partnerships, and participation in a Hydrographic Basin Committee; the third and last part analyzes the information relative to the environmental conditions in the territories of the municipalities, with the purpose of knowing the observed impacting occurrences, not only those that have affected the living conditions of the population, but also those that have harmed certain economic activities, specifically fishing, agriculture and cattle-raising (IBGE, 2005, p. 62).
In the preparation of this topic, the 2009 IBGE survey was used in comparison with the 2008 survey, addressing the following aspects: • the environmental management agency;

5
The environmental management agency As for the environmental management body, in all municipalities in the Agreste region covered by the NUPESP survey5 , changes were identified regarding the answers given in 2008 and 2009 .
According to the 2009 Profile, of the sixteen studied municipalities in the Agreste region, it was possible to identify the following situation: • eight municipalities (Águas Belas, Belo Jardim, Bezerros, Bonito, Garanhuns, Gravatá, Limoeiro and Santa Cruz do Capibaribe) presented as managing body a Secretariat in conjunction with other(s) policy(ies); • six municipalities (Bom Conselho, Bom Jardim, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Buíque, Caruaru and Surubim) indicated the presence of a sector subordinated to another secretariat as the environmental management body; • finally, Pesqueira and São Bento do Una identified that the environmental management body does not have any structure in these municipalities.

The Municipal Environment Council (CMMA)
In relation to the municipalities of Águas Belas, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Buíque, Garanhuns, Gravatá, Limoeiro, Pesqueira, São Bento do Una and Surubim, there were no changes, from 2008 to 2009, in relation to information on the Municipal Environment Council.There were, however, changes in the following municipalities: • In Belo Jardim, there was a change only in terms of the CMMA character, which was previously considered deliberative and, in 2009, advisory, deliberative, normative and supervisory;

•
In relation to the municipality of Bezerros, the changes were as to the character and whether the Council had parity or not.Based on the survey carried out in 2008, the Council had an advisory character and had no parity, and, according to the 2009 survey, the Council had an advisory and deliberative character, being composed of equal parts of civil society and government representatives, i.e., with parity;

•
In Bom Conselho, the aspects referring to the year the council was created and its character, whether it has parity or not, and whether it has held meetings in the last 12 months, presented differences in relation to the 2008 and 2009 profiles.Based on the survey carried out in 2008, the Bom Conselho CMMA was created in 2005 and had a advisory character, with no parity, and had held meetings in the last twelve months.On the other hand, based on the 2009 profile, the Council was created in 2001, and is deliberative and normative, with parity, and has not held a meeting in the last twelve months;

•
In Bom Jardim, in 2008, the presence of a Municipal Environment Council was verified, but, in 2009, no active CMMA was identified in this municipality;

•
In 2008, it was considered that the municipality of Bonito did not have a Municipal Environmental Council.However, in 2009, it was found that the CMMA of Bonito was created in 2008 and had a deliberative, normative and supervisory character, with parity and having held meetings in the last twelve months;

•
Regarding the municipality of Caruaru, the changes covered the year of creation and the character of the Council.In the 2008 Profile, the year of creation was 1984 and the character was advisory.In 2009, the creation was in 2002, with an advisory and deliberative character; Governmental Actions to Minimize Them, According to Counties' Managers _____________________________________________________________________ Finally, in the survey for 2008, the year of creation of the Santa Cruz do Capibaribe Council was in 2007, having a deliberative and supervisory character, with no parity.In 2009, it was found that the year of creation was 2001, with an advisory and deliberative character, being composed of equal shares of government representatives and civil society.

The existence of a municipal environmental fund
As to the existence or not of a municipal environmental fund, only the municipalities of Águas Belas, Brejo da Madre de Deus and Gravatá showed changes in their answers in the 2008 and 2009 profiles.
In 2008, in the municipalities of Águas Belas and Gravatá, it was identified that there was an environmental fund, but, in 2009, its presence was not verified.In Brejo da Madre de Deus, the situation was the opposite.In 2008, there was not a municipal environmental fund and, in 2009, it was found to be present.

The environmental licensing
With respect to environmental licensing by the municipalities, only Águas Belas, Caruaru and São Bento do Una showed changes in the information from the 2008 and 2009 surveys.These three municipalities answered negatively regarding licensing in 2008.However, in 2009, they identified that they carry out local impact environmental licensing.

The existence of any cooperation instrument with the state environmental agency for delegation
Only the municipalities of Águas Belas, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Caruaru and Garanhuns showed changes in their answers regarding the presence of an instrument of cooperation with the state environmental agency for delegation of environmental licensing competence related to activities that go beyond local impact.
All these municipalities identified the non-existence of an instrument for delegation in the 2008 survey.In 2009, the presence of a delegation instrument was identified in these municipalities.

The participation of the municipalities in the inter-municipal articulation in the form of Consortium or Hydrographic Basin Committee
Firstly, as to the articulation in the form of Consortium, three of the sixteen studied municipalities of the Agreste region presented changes in the information relative to 2009, if compared with 2008.
In 2008, the municipalities of Águas Belas, Belo Jardim and Limoeiro did not identify participation in the articulation in the form of a Consortium.However, in 2009, the answers from these municipalities were positive as to the existence of a Consortium.
Finally, regarding the participation of a Hydrographic Basin Committee, the municipalities of Águas Belas, Brejo da Madre de Deus and Surubim, in 2008, had not identified its existence, whereas, in 2009, the participation of these municipalities in the intermunicipal articulation in the form of a Hydrographic Basin Committee was verified.7

Outsourcing
As for the contracting of outsourced services in the environmental area by the Municipalities, in 2008, only the municipality of Caruaru identified the existence of outsourcing.

Agenda 21
Among the sixteen municipalities in the Agreste region, nine indicated that no Agenda 21 had been prepared.Among them, the municipality of Bom Conselho was unaware of the concept of Agenda 21.
As for the remaining seven municipalities, the stages of their local agendas can be analyzed and the frequency with which the Agenda 21 Forum met in the last 12 months can be identified. •

Specific legislation
In the 2009 Profile, they were also asked about the existence of specific legislation to deal with environmental issues.
Among the sixteen municipalities, only the managers from Gravatá, Limoeiro, São Bento do Una and Surubim did not identify the presence of specific legislation in their municipalities.

Articulation
In the 2009 survey, the articulation in the form of consortium was more detailed.Besides this, other forms of articulation, such as partnership with the private sector and support from the private sector or communities, emerged as new information.
The municipalities of the Agreste region, regarding these points previously mentioned, behaved as follows: • 9 mankind's stress over the environment, in this case on the county's territory, and is based on the answers got to the questions about the disturbances on the environmental conditions.A hundredth of a point (0.01) was set to every negative answer to the 99 questions of the IBGE's search on the topic "Conditions of environment".The total of points obtained was subtracted from 99 (the maximum possible), so that zero would be the situation in that a county had answered every question positively, and so, it would've been in the worst situation.So, as close to one the index got, better were the environmental conditions of the county in study.
The second índex, IAPAM (Index of Mitigation of the Anthropic Stresses by the Counties' Governments), aims to measure the grade of actuation of the counties' governments on the mitigation of the anthropic stresses.One hundredth of point was assigned to each "yes" answer, and zero to "no" answers regarding this topic of the questionnaire.
Interviewsaiming to clarify polemic points brought by the questionnaires recieved, after the filling, as well as to search the answers that some counties hadn't applied yet, a checklist was elaborated and based the process of interviewing some environmental managers of the counties.
The counties set under interview were: Belo Jardim, Bezerros, Caruaru, Garanhuns, Gravatá and Pesqueira.This phase of identifying the points to be analyzed was done from a classification, consisted by dividing the answers into 3 classes: the yes-answer both in 2002 and in 2010, the yes-answer only in 2002, and the yes-answer only in 2010.From this analysis the script that based the interview was made.
In summary, the research was divided into five phases: • contact the municipalities to identify the Environment Secretary or correspondent, the Environment Director or Coordinator or correspondent, surface and electronic addresses and telephone numbers; • questionnaire distribution; • collection and processing of the answered questionnaires; • identification of points to be clarified in the interviews; • conducting the interviews.
The interviews focused on the changes between the year 2002, the reference year of the survey conducted by IBGE (2005), and the year to which the questionnaire refers.The changes were presented based on a classification according to which the municipality presented, for each question in the questionnaire, an improvement, a worsening or a stable situation.The managers were asked to comment on the changes, at which time they could sometimes correct the information in the questionnaire and sometimes disagree with the answer given to IBGE by the manager at the time.In the first case, the database was changed when the manager recognized the error.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From a comparative analysis a big amount of divergent answers was observed, which interfered quite much in the differences between the indexes of 2002 and 2009/2010, as you can find in the tables and graphics on the next pages.It must be highlighted that it would've taken some paragraphs to record the interviews with the environmental managers of the counties about significant arguments to the outlook of the anthropic stresses in the counties of the Pernambucan Agreste: water contamination, fire and water scarcity.Sadly this type of exploration remains impossible in the model of a large summary.
Sixteen municipalities located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco were included in the research sample (see method).Of this group, only nine answered, in 2009 and 2010, to the questionnaire sent by e-mail: Águas Belas, Belo Jardim, Bezerros, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Caruaru, Garanhuns, Gravatá, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and Pesqueira.

Answers to the questionnaires
A comparative analysis showed a large number of divergent answers, which interfered a lot in the differences between the 2002 and 2009/2010 indexes, as is displayed in the tables and graphs on the following pages.
In the set of 99 questions whose answers were used to calculate the IPA, there was, in general, an increase in the answers that were positive as to the occurrence of damage, which resulted in a reduction in the indexes, moving even further away from the ideal -1.00 -, corresponding to the absence of damage.As for IAPAM, there was an increase in the questions that were answered positively by the surveyed municipalities, among the 133 that make up the questionnaire and are related to municipal environmental policies; this led the index to evolve, demonstrating an increase in efforts to mitigate anthropic pressure.One cannot fail to emphasize, however, the low values of the indexes, which varied from 0.083 in Bezerros to a maximum of 0.293 in Brejo da Madre de Deus; they are considered very low in view of the maximum of 1.000, corresponding to the situation in which all the answers were positive.
It is important to highlight the municipality of Pesqueira that, unlike the others, showed an increase in IPA, an indicator of a worsening in environmental conditions.On the other hand, with respect to IAPAM, all surveyed municipalities, according to Table 2 found that there was an increase in the IAPAM index between 2002 and 2009/2010.In Figure 1, one can see the graphic representation of the evolution of the indexes: Some qualitative results obtained from the interviews.
In the following paragraphs, based on interviews with municipal environmental managers, it is highlighted significant themes for the panorama of anthropic pressures in the municipalities of the Agreste region of Pernambuco: water contamination, wildfires and water shortage.In order to conclude the topic, two statements on environmental education experiences are recorded.

Water contamination
About water contamination, the statement of the manager of one of the surveyed municipalities is significant: [...] Contamination of the river?For the love of God!I am President of the X River Basin Committee.There are five municipalities through which it passes; there are few municipalities that do not have the river as an open sewer.Municipality XXX had a sanitation program that was Projeto Alvorada, by FUNASA; was with federal resources, executed by the State Government and supervised and followed-up by the municipality.The city is all perforated, it is all "repaired" (in quotation marks), with the pipes, it was all torn up, except that the project stopped, the pipes are empty, the treatment stations are stopped, they never worked, the emissary is stopped.[...] It is our reality!You go there to Caruaru and see the quality of the Ipojuca River [...] Nonetheless, in Sanharó, the Ipojuca River is a river in which you bathe, because the river does not pass through the city before Sanharó, understand?There are people who fish, there is a little beach, there is everything on the Ipojuca River.But the problem is from there to here, Belo Jardim to here [...] This pollution decreased a little from Chã Grande, when it starts to enter the Zona da Mata region.[...]; when (the Ipojuca river) reaches the Zona da Mata, it begins to receive more tributaries, then there is a decrease (in pollution); when it arrives there in Escada, the volume of water is already much greater, due to the sent from the south forest, but it is still polluted.Governmental Actions to Minimize Them, According to Counties' Managers

13
As for the contamination of the rivers in Pernambuco, a reality that must be in many or maybe all Brazilian states, it must be registered that this reality is related, as it is in the own statement of the manager, when talking about "open-air sewage", to the lack of long and medium term plans implement and operate the sanitary sewage collection systems, not only in the cities but also in the rural areas.
This situation of lack of investment is addressed, for example, by Leoneti, Prado & Oliveira (2011).These authors summarize the main causes of the problems that Brazil has been facing in this area and that should guide the challenges to be faced: "the lack of a clear definition of the responsibilities peculiar to the Union, States, Federal District and Municipalities made the application of resources in sanitation diffuse, not respecting a vision of global planning of investments.The sector was also marked by the low indebtedness capacity of the state organizations and the small participation of the private sector".
Conversely, the positive impacts of investments in basic sanitation and the significance of actions in this area, for which municipal governments have a great responsibility, have been the subject of studies, such as the work of Rasella (2013).
The role of environmental managers of municipal governments, with whom interaction was sought with this research, is fundamental in terms of solving these challenges.

Wildfires
It will underline the statement of an interviewed municipal manager: Wildfire is constant here [...] every subdivision that comes to a city, will take a "capoeira"; authorization is given by CPRH7 ; then it burns constantly; if you walk around here, you will see the areas that are burned [...]There is an advance in the real estate issue within the areas.Today, farms that in my childhood were considered farms, which we used to go there, are now neighborhoods in the city.The XXX, which used to be a large farm from here, now has numerous subdivisions there.The city is advancing more and more.So we want to put this in the master plan, that there be a stagnation of this real estate expansion; have to preserve.
The urbanization process is broad in Brazil and in other so-called "developing" or "emerging" regions.It is, ultimately, the phenomenon of the worker in search of employment (Foladori, 2001) or, seen in another way, the "expulsion from the countryside" due to the increase in productivity in the countryside.

Water shortage
I have a water supply program in tank trucks here; I have four water trucks that sometimes fail to overcome the issue of filling the tanks.We decreed a state of calamity due to the drought in October, the Army is arriving now; the army has been assisting us for a month in the middle of winter, practically; It's a bureaucratic matter for the federal government, but it's coming.So, he arrived to help us with that, and proving that despite having rained, there is a lack of structure on the part of the families, who do not have gutters, do not have nozzles to channel this water to the cisterns, so that there is an accumulation, so there is a lack of training, there is a lack of awareness on this part, and people are often at the mercy of supplies from the City Hall or else from the IPA or the Army.It's the three spheres that serve.14

Environmental education
The Green Room (Sala Verde) project, of the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (Brasil, 2010b), was implemented in one of the investigated and visited municipalities.
About the project, the manager said: One of the houses that exist in the Park will be transformed into a school and another into a science space.The eco-school will aim at training environmental education in the municipality.

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is very frequent, in contacts with municipal managers, that they show interest in the research resulting in actions by the University to improve municipal management.
For this reason, this topic tries to indicate ways for the managers to make efforts to plan the actions of the municipal governments.These efforts may be the object of contacts for joint ventures with sectors of the University.The following are programs, projects, activities or actions that are most frequently found among the surveyed municipalities and that can serve as a roadmap to improve the performance of governments that have not yet reached the stage of using certain management tools.

•
The forwarding, to the City Council, of specific legislation projects for the environmental issue;

•
The regular operation of a Municipal Environmental Council, of equal composition between government and civil society, with normative, deliberative and advisory functions, under the presidency of the municipal government environmental manager; the Council must be aware of the guidelines, restrictions, limits and incentives established in the Municipal Master Plan, approved by Municipal Law. 8; • An environmental body, in the form of a secretariat or linked to a Secretariat, but with attributions in all areas of environmental management and active in terms of articulation with all the other local government bodies and entities, in view of the transversal character of environmental issues; an indispensable sector of this body is the inspection structure (of activities such as inadequate dumping of domestic and industrial waste, polluting activities, and others); • an environmental education program; • a specific fund to receive resources related to environmental actions (environmental licensing, fines for violations of environmental legislation, resources from the Socio-8 "Territorial planning is to define the best way to occupy the site of a municipality or region, to foresee the points where activities will be located, and all the uses of space, present and future.Through territorial planning, one can turn the city into a benefit for all; one can democratize opportunities for all residents; one can guarantee satisfactory conditions for financing municipal development; and one can democratize the conditions for using available resources, in a democratic and sustainable way".(Brasil. CONFEA;Ministério das Cidades, 2004).environmental ICMS9 , etc.) and aimed at supporting projects of environmental protection or recovery; • participation in consortiums, such as those for the disposal of solid residues, urban sewage treatment, and others, aiming at expanding the capacity to perform and reducing operational costs; • implantation of a system of selective collection of solid residues, comprising: stimulus to the structuring of a cooperative of recyclers, implantation of a program to make the population aware of the importance of recovering usable materials as well as reducing the cost of treatment and disposal of residues; • identification of projects or activities of environmental interest and search for partnerships with public agencies, NGOs, state and private companies, international institutions and universities; • identification of CPRH attributions that can be transferred to the municipality; • participation in a hydrographic basin committee in which the municipality is located, fully or partially; or initiative aiming at its creation, if it does not exist yet; • resume or start the process of preparation, implementation and follow-up of the Agenda 21 of the municipality, starting with the creation of a Forum, with the participation of the most representative segments of society, which will lead the process up to the follow-up of the execution of the Municipal Sustainable Development Plan.
It is clear that it is necessary, given the shortage of human resources, to establish a scale of priorities, which can be obtained in the scope of the Municipal Environmental Council and the Agenda 21 Forum, when they are installed or reinstalled.

CONCLUSION
From the research, it became evident that the managers of the municipalities in the Agreste region of Pernambuco had a low level of responsiveness, as only 56% of the municipalities in the NUPESP survey, in 2009-2010, answered the survey.One reason that can be pointed out for this low response rate is the fact that, in only five years, the concern about the environment has taken a much higher proportion, so that managers seemed unwilling to commit themselves or did not want to register a bad image of their municipalities and administrations.
Another striking feature of the obtained answers is the inconsistency between answers from different managers or at different times, thus leading to large variations in the indexes, which hinders a deeper analysis of causes and effects.
In light of the foregoing, these results are clearly important for society to check how much needs to be done by municipal governments in favor of healthy relations between society and the environment.
Thanks: The authors thank to the University of Pernambuco (UPE) -College of Administration Sciences of Pernambuco (FCAP), to CNPq and to FACEPE, for granting studenships to members of NUPESP (Nucleous of Research in Economy of the Public Sector) and help on researches.

Table 1 -
Pernambuco -Agreste Region -Indexes and Indicators of the Studied Municipalities 4 Sustainable Development Public Policies Committee.Environmental Disturbances in Counties from the Region of "Agreste" in the State of Pernambuco, and the Governmental Actions to Minimize Them, According to Counties' Managers _____________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-17 | e03077 | 2023.

Table 1 -
Environmental Disturbances in Counties from the Region of "Agreste" in the State of Pernambuco, and the Governmental Actions to Minimize Them, According to Counties' Managers Pernambuco -Index of Anthropic Stresses (IPA) and Index of Mitigation of the Antrhropic Stresses by the Governments of the Counties (IAPAM) in the counties ofAgreste -2002Agreste -  and 2009Agreste - -2010Comparative _____________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-17 | e03077 | 2023.10
Is Sala Verde an environmental agency?It is!But it is socio-environmental [...] Environmental education... So, it's another side...We work with projects, with lectures, it's a very educational work, and work on the street, with trees, cleaning, environmental education, for the population; we do this work too.The City Hall of Caruaru will implement an Ecological School in the Ecological Park named João Vasconcelos Sobrinho, an area considered a Biological Reserve of the Atlantic Forest by UNESCO.According to the Director of Environment of the Municipality, Jorge Quintino.(Jornal do Comércio, 2010):